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纳滤膜在盐湖提锂领域的研究进展

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中国锂(Li)资源消耗量占全球消耗量的40%,然而其产能仅满足工业需求的20%,80%的Li需要进口,研究新一代提Li技术迫在眉睫.纳滤(NF)膜具有选择性离子分离能力,在Mg2+、Li+的选择性分离中表现出突出的潜力.商用NF膜多荷负电,受Donnan效应和静电引力影响,其对正离子的分离能力有限.近年来的研究发现,荷正电NF膜可以有效分离具有相似水合物离子半径的Mg2+和Li+.该文介绍了NF膜中离子传输理论和选择性筛分机理,综述了商用NF膜在盐湖提Li领域的研究现状及不足,分析了荷正电NF膜的制备方式(包括胺单体的选取、纳米材料掺杂、引入中间层及表面接枝等)对提升Mg2+、Li+的选择性分离性能的影响规律.最后,总结了荷正电NF膜在实际工程应用中的挑战和前景.
Research progress on nanofiltration membranes in lithium extraction from salt lakes
The consumption of lithium resources in China accounts for 40%of the global consumption,while its production capacity can only meet 20%of the industrial demand,with 80%imported.Therefore,development of new lithium extraction technology is of urgency and significance.Nanofiltration(NF)membrane,with selective ion separation capacity,exhibits outstanding potential in the selective separation of Mg2+and Li+.Commercial NF membrane is usually negatively charged,and its separation ability for positively charged ions is limited due to Donnan effect and electrostatic attraction.In recent years,it has been found that positively charged NF membrane shows effective separation on Mg2+and Li+with similar hydrate ion radii.In this review,the ion transport theory and selective screening mechanism of NF membrane were introduced,followed by summarization on the status quo and disadvantages of commercial NF membrane in the field of lithium extraction from salt lakes.The influence of preparation methods of positively charged NF membrane(including the selection of amine monomer,doping of nano-materials,introduction of interlayer and surface grafting,etc.)on improvement in the selective separation performance of Mg2+and Li+was then analyzed.Finally,the challenges and prospects of positively charged NF membrane in practical engineering applications were discussed.

extracting lithium from salt lakescreening mechanismcommercial nanofiltration membranesmembrane modificationpositively charged nanofiltration membrane

李海柯、张环、王晓磊、王会才

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天津工业大学 材料科学与工程学院,天津 300387

天津工业大学 环境科学与工程学院,天津 300387

天津工业大学 省部共建分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室,天津 300387

天津工业大学 沧州研究院,河北 沧州 061000

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盐湖提锂 筛分机理 商用纳滤膜 膜改性 荷正电纳滤膜

山东省中小企业创新能力提升项目天津工业大学沧州研究院科技项目

2021TSGC1190TGCYY-F-0207

2024

10.13550/j.jxhg.20230626

精细化工
大连化工研究院设计院 中国化工学会精细化工专业委员会 辽宁省化工研究院

精细化工

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.557
ISSN：1003-5214
年,卷(期)：2024.41(7)