The environmental pollution problem caused by wide application of fiber materials synthesized from petrochemical industry is becoming more and more serious,which makes development of new green and environmentally friendly fiber materials urgent.Natural plant fibers have attracted much attention due to the emphasis on green development,especially in the field of reinforced thermoplastic composites due to their renewable and degradable properties.The use of plant fibers and thermoplastic polymers to obtain composites with excellent properties has gradually developed into a mature technology.Herein,the influencing factors of natural plant fibers structure and modification on the properties of composites were summarized.The application progress of natural plant fibers reinforced biodegradable and non-biodegradable thermoplastic composites in recent years was reviewed.Finally,the industrialization prospect of natural plant fibers and biodegradable plastic composites was discussed.