Organic photochromic materials can achieve reversible color change via reverse photoisomerization under UV and visible light irradiation.Spiropyran-based materials,a class of organic materials with excellent photochromic properties,have attracted researchers'attention and favor due to their efficient and sensitive color change behavior through regulation of light,temperature,acidity(pH),and mechanical pressure.Photochromic polymers,metal-organic frameworks,and microcapsules based on spiropyran-based compounds have wide application prospects in the fields of photoelectric information storage,intelligent sensors,anti-counterfeiting and encryption,targeted drugs and fluorescent probes.Herein,the synthesis,molecular structure,design and functionalization of spiropyran-based compounds were reviewed,and the structure-activity relationship between the design and functionalization of spiropyran-based materials was elucidated.The application and research hotspot of spiropyran-based photochromic materials were then described.Finally,the future application and development prospect of spiropyran-based materials were discussed.
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