Enlightenment of Academic Correspondence Networks in Early Modern Europe on Informal Academic Exchange in Universities
Academic correspondence networks(ACN)in Early Modern Europe was an informal cross-cultural and cross-regional communication system transmitting new knowledge across various fields,in which natural philosophy enthusiasts used letters or objects as mediums.It facilitated timely exchange of informa-tion among its members,shaped scholarly communication traditions,promoted organized scientific research,and cultivated a sense of academic community.The formation of ACN is inseparable from the awakening of individual self-awareness,the rise of letter-writing as a communication medium,and the development of Euro-pean postal system.Underlying ACN is friendship and personal connections,and some intermediaries who played key roles,the reciprocity principle stabilized the weak ties;and ACN had complemented other forms of academic exchange.ACN was indispensable role in advancing of Early Modern European Science and greatly influenced faculty communication habitus in Western universities.Chinese universities should highly value and enhance informal academic exchanges,and make full use of the key role of intermediaries.Mean-while,university faculty should actively participate in informal academic exchange and build good relation-ships with peers.
early modern EuropeAcademic Correspondence Networksinformal academic exchange in universities