首页|化肥减量配施生物有机肥对高原夏季露地大白菜生长生理及养分吸收的影响

化肥减量配施生物有机肥对高原夏季露地大白菜生长生理及养分吸收的影响

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • 万方数据
[目的]通过田间试验探究化肥减量配施生物有机肥对大白菜生长生理、养分吸收的影响。[方法]以大白菜品种"旺春"为供试材料，共设置7个施肥处理，分别为不施肥(CK1)、100%常规施肥(CK2)、化肥平衡施肥(T1)、化肥减量30%+6 000 kg/hm2生物有机肥(T2)、化肥减量30%+9 000 kg/hm2生物有机肥(T3)、化肥减量40%+6 000 kg/hm2生物有机肥(T4)、化肥减量40%+9 000 kg/hm2生物有机肥(T5)。[结果]与CK2相比，T3处理中大白菜株幅、根粗和根长分别提高了11。17%、13。31%和18。20%，地上部莲座叶中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量分别提高了39。02%、34。09%和35%，大白菜莲座叶、叶球、根系干物质积累量分别提高了9。71%、19。24%、14。16%，同时有效增加了养分在叶球中的分配率，化肥减量配施生物有机肥氮肥利用率提高了14。35%～24。17%，磷肥利用率提高了7。61%～10。40%，农学利用率、偏生产力显著增加，有效降低了土壤养分依存率。大白菜养分吸收方面，化肥减量30%优于化肥减量40%，配施9 000 kg/hm2生物有机肥优于配施6 000 kg/hm2生物有机肥。对30项指标进行主成分分析，综合评价T3处理得分最高，处理效果最佳。[结论]综合分析可知，化肥减量30%+9 000 kg/hm2生物有机肥可以促进大白菜生长，提高叶绿素含量，增加干物质的积累量，有利于大白菜养分吸收，提高了肥料利用率，降低了化肥施用量，可为高原夏季露地大白菜生产中化肥减量提供理论依据和技术支撑。
Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with bio-organic fertilizer application on growth physiology and nutrient absorption of Chinese cabbage in open fields on plateau in summer
[Objective]This study aims to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and application of bio-organic fertilizer on the growth and physiology of Chinese cabbage and nutrient absorption through field experiments.[Method]The cabbage variety"Wangchun"was used as the test material,and a total of seven fertilization treatments were set up,namely,no fertilization(CK1),100%conventional fertilization(CK2),balanced fertilization with chemical fertilizers(T1),chemical fertilizers with a 30%reduction + 6 000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizers(T2),chemical fertilizers with a 30%reduction + 9 000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer(T3),40%chemical fertilizer reduction + 6 000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer(T4),40%chemical fertilizer reduction + 9 000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer(T5).[Result]Compared with CK2,cabbage plant length,root thickness and root length in T3 treatment increased by 11.17%,13.31%and 18.20%respectively,the content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids in the aboveground rosette leaves increased by 39.02%,34.09%and 35%,and the dry matter accumulation of cabbage rosette leaves,leaf bulb and root system increased by 9.71%19.24%,14.16%,respectively.The treatment also effectively increased the distribution rate of nutrients in the leaf ball.Chemical fertilizer reduction with the application of bio-organic fertilizer increased nitrogen fertilizer utilization by 14.35%-24.17%,phosphorus fertilizer utilization by 7.61%-10.40%,agronomical utilization and bioproductivity increased significantly.The combination effectively reduced the soil nutrient dependence rate.As for the nutrient absorption of cabbage,the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 30%was better than the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 40%,and the dosing of 9 000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer was better than the dosing of 6 000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer.The 30 indicators were analyzed by principal component analysis,and the comprehensive evaluation of T3 treatment had the highest score and the best treatment effect.[Conclusion]Comprehensive analysis shows that reducing chemical fertilizer by 30%+ 9 000 kg/hm2 bio-organic fertilizer can promote the growth of Chinese cabbage,increase the chlorophyll content,increase the accumulation of dry matter,facilitate the absorption of nutrients,improve fertilizer utilization,reduced the amount of chemical fertilizer application.This study can provide theoretical basis and technical support for chemical fertilizer reduction in open-field Chinese cabbage production on the plateau in summer.

Chinese cabbagefertilizer reductionbio-organic fertilizernutrient utilizationnutrient absorption

柳文凯、雷永忠、王莉、杨烨、金宁、李兆壮、谢言东、王舒亚、武玥、吕剑

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甘肃农业大学 园艺学院,甘肃 兰州 730070

省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃 兰州,730070

大白菜 化肥减量 生物有机肥 养分利用率 养分吸收

甘肃省科技重大专项甘肃省拔尖领军人才培养计划

22ZD6NA009GSBJLJ-2021-14

2024

10.3724/aauj.2024031

江西农业大学学报
江西农业大学

江西农业大学学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.748
ISSN：1000-2286
年,卷(期)：2024.46(2)
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