Effects of Chinese herbal medicine smoking on antioxidant enzymes,detoxification enzymes activity,and gene expression in western honeybee(Apis mellifera)
[Objective]As a significant hindrance to beekeeping industry,honeybee diseases can decrease the reproductive rate of colonies,the quality and yield of bee products,and even potentially causing colony loss.This study aims to study the effects of herbal fumigation on the antioxidant and detoxification capacity of honeybees,thus providing a scientific basis for exploring new green prevention and control techniques for honey bee pests and diseases.[Method]The west honeybees(Apis mellifera)were used as experimental materials,a total of 1260 healthy one-day-old worker honeybees were randomly divided into 6 groups,each group had three biological replicates,consisting of 70 honeybees per biological replicate.A large amount of smoke was generated using straw(control group),Artemisia argyi,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand,Reynoutria japonica Houtt,Lonicera japonica Thunb,and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus.Smoke was administered once every other day from the 2nd day after emerging.Each group's daily mortality rate was recorded.The antioxidant enzyme,detoxification enzyme activity,related immune and detoxification gene expressio were measured after exposing them to Chinese herbal smoke for 6 hours a day for 14 days.[Result]The experiment revealed that the Chinese herbal smoking had a significant impact on the survival rate,the antioxidant enzyme and detoxification enzyme activities of the healthy honeybees.The Taraxacum mongolicum Hand group had a significantly reduced survival rate in comparison with that of the control group(P＜0.05),whereas there was no significant difference between the control group and other Chinese herbal groups(P＞0.05).The Artemisia argyi,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus groups exhibited significantly increased activities of Super Oxidase Dimutase in comparison with that of the control group(P＜0.05).The Peroxidase activities of the Artemisia argyi,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand and Lonicera japonica Thunb groups were also significantly increased compared with that of the control group(P＜0.05).The Total Antioxidant Capacity enzyme activities of the Taraxacum mongolicum Hand and Reynoutria japonica Houtt groups were also significantly increased in comparison with that of the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the activity of Glutathione S transferase significantly increased in the Artemisia argyi and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus groups(P＜0.05);The activity of Acetylcholinesterase in the Artemisia argyi,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand and Reynoutria japonica Houtt groups significantly increased(P＜0.05).The activity of Cytochrome P450 significantly increased in the Artemisia argyi group(P＜0.05).No significant effect was found between carboxylesterase activity in the control group and the Chinese herbal medicine smoking groups(P＞0.05).In addition,the Artemisia argyi group significantly up-regulated gene expression of Vg,Defensin2,AmNOS and PTP-99A(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]Using Artemisia argyi,Taraxacum mongolicum H and,Reynoutria japonica Houtt,Lonicera japonica Thunb,and Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus for smoking apparatus in beekeeping can greatly enhance the honeybee'antioxidant and detoxifying ability,among which the Artemisia argyi was the most effective in increasing the activities of antioxidant,detoxification enzymes and the expression of immune,detoxification-related genes in honeybee.Therefore,the use of Chinese herbal medicine as honeybee fumigation materials is a simple and effective way to solve the problem of beekeeping disease prevention and control without increasing labour costs and contaminating bee products while improving bee resistance,and it is of great significance to the ecological and efficient rearing of honeybee and the promotion of apiculture.
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