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鄱阳湖流域长江江豚种群遗传差异分析

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[目的]长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)是长江中现存的唯一鲸类动物,长江水生态系统的旗舰物种,国家一级野生保护动物,被列入IUCN红色名录极危(CR)物种,2022年国家长江江豚科考结果显示现存数量为1 249头,其中鄱阳湖492头,约占40%.当前,在长江流域"共抓大保护,不搞大开发"的背景下,虽然长江江豚的生境得到改善,但影响其生存的因子依然存在,如鄱阳湖低枯水位呈常态化趋势,使得长江江豚种群向五河干流扩散性分布甚至季节性被隔离,对长江江豚遗传多样性造成影响.研究旨在通过全基因组重测序技术分析其种群遗传差异特征,为鄱阳湖流域长江江豚群体的遗传多样性保护提供参考数据,为维护江豚物种的遗传完整性和适应潜力提供理论指导.[方法]利用重测序技术对获得3例鄱阳湖长江江豚(PY)肌肉样本进行全基因组数据,结合下载3例来源于安徽铜陵(TL)和3例来源于浙江宁波(NB)的窄脊江豚全基因组数据,对比分析遗传多样性和群体结构,探究鄱阳湖长江江豚群体在特定地理区域内的遗传分化.[结果](1)相比TL和NB群体,PY群体具有较高的遗传多态性(Pi value=2.65×10-5),且与TL群体之间存在一定的分化(Fst=0.32);(2)PY群体有较低的近交程度(inbreed coefficient=0.21);(3)进化树表明PY群体为独立的一支;(4)Structure和PCA结果表明PY群体与TL群体在遗传距离上较近,并远离NB群体.[结论]鄱阳湖长江江豚(PY)群体具有相对较高的遗传多样性,并且与安徽铜陵(TL)和浙江宁波(NB)2个群体分开.不同江豚种群间存在一定程度上的遗传分化,建议强化促进鄱阳湖流域长江江豚群体间的基因交流措施,以提高长江江豚种群适应性,促进其物种进化.
Genetic diversity of Yangtze finless porpoises population in Poyang Lake Basin
[Objective]The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)is the only extant cetacean in the Yangtze River,the flagship species of the Yangtze River aquatic ecosystem,and the first-class wild protected animal in China.It is listed as a critically endangered(CR)species on the IUCN Red List.The results of the national Yangtze finless porpoise scientific expedition in 2022 showed that the existing number was 1 249,of which 492 were in Poyang Lake,accounting for about 40%.Currently,under the background of"jointly focusing on large-scale protection and not engaging in large-scale development"in the Yangtze River basin,the living environment of the Yangtze finless porpoise has been improved,but it is still affected by extremely low water levels,making the Yangtze finless porpoise population diffusely distributed to the main stream of the five rivers and even isolated seasonally,which affected the variation of genetic diversity.This study aims to analyze the genetic difference characteristics of its population through whole-genome re-sequencing technology.It provides reference for the protection of genetic diversity of the Yangtze finless porpoise population in the Poyang Lake Basin,and provides theoretical guidance for maintaining the genetic integrity and adaptation potential of the finless porpoise species.[Method]The whole genome data of three Yangtze finless porpoise(PY)muscle samples from Poyang Lake were obtained by resequencing technology.Combined with the whole genome data of three narrow-ridged finless porpoises from Tongling,Anhui(TL)and Ningbo,Zhejiang(NB),the genetic diversity and population structure were compared and analyzed to explore the genetic differentiation of the Yangtze finless porpoise population in Poyang Lake in a specific geographical area.[Result]The results showed that:(1)Compared with the TL and NB populations,the PY population had higher single-nucleotide polymorphism(Pi value=2.65×10-5)and some differences existed between PY and TL populations(Fst=0.32);(2)The PY population had a lower degree of inbreeding(Inbreed coefficient=0.21);(3)The phylogenetic tree indicated that the PY population formed an independent branch within the finless porpoise populations;(4)Structure and PCA results revealed that the PY population was genetically closer to the TL population and distant from the NB population.[Conclusion]The PY population exhibited relatively higher genetic diversity and was distinct from the other two populations.Additionally,there was some genetic diversity difference among the different populations of finless porpoises.It was recommended to strengthen the genetic exchange between the populations of finless porpoises in the Yangtze River Basin,which was of significance for enhancing the adaptation and evolution of the species.

Yangtze finless porpoisewhole genome re-sequencinggenetic diversitypopulation structureendangered animals protection

李福贵、孙艺文、陈凯、余进祥、阮记明、隗黎丽、梁惜梅、王义华、戴银根

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江西农业大学 动物科学技术学院,江西 南昌 330045

江西省水生生物保护救助中心,江西 南昌 330096

长江江豚 全基因组重测序 遗传多样性 群体结构 濒危动物保护

国家自然科学基金项目国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系项目江西省长江江豚保护救助项目

31860735CARS-45-43

2024

江西农业大学学报
江西农业大学

江西农业大学学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:0.748
ISSN:1000-2286
年,卷(期):2024.46(5)
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