[目的]我国境内有3个黑蜂群体:东北黑蜂(Apis mellifera northeast black bee)，新疆黑蜂(Apis mellifera-xinjiang black bee)和西域黑蜂(Apis mellifera sinisxinyuan)。本研究旨在通过综合形态学和分子生物学方法比较分析这3种西方黑蜂，以深入了解其进化关系和适应性特征。[方法]以意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)为对照，比较东北黑蜂，新疆黑蜂和西域黑蜂3个西方黑蜂工蜂的18个形态特征，并分析其线粒体基因(ND2、COI 和COI-COII基因间序列)，以研究它们的遗传结构和进化关系。[结果](1)形态分析初步表明:新疆黑蜂和东北黑蜂在喙长、前翅长、翅钩数、后足股长、跗节宽等多数形态特征上相似(P＞0。05)，且其翅长，背板长大于西域黑蜂(P＜0。05)，这3种黑蜂的喙长长和翅钩数上都与意大利蜜蜂有显著差异(P＜0。05)，这可能反映了地方环境的适应性;(2)遗传分析进一步揭示了3个黑蜂群体的进化模式，基于ND2序列分析表明新疆黑蜂与东北黑蜂之间的系统发育关系最为密切，与形态学结果一致，然而对COI和COI-COII基因间序列分析表明，除西域黑蜂外，新疆黑蜂与东北黑蜂与意大利蜂存在不同程度的遗传重叠。在已开展的遗传分析中，西域黑蜂始终独立聚类，这表明它可能经历了一个独特的进化过程。[结论]新疆黑蜂和东北黑蜂均归为C谱系;西域黑蜂属于M谱系，其可能经历了独特的适应性进化过程，展示出了遗传背景与形态特征上的独特性。本研究不仅加深了对我国本土蜜蜂物种遗传多样性了解，也为蜜蜂保护和育种工作提供了重要的科学依据。研究结果凸显了保护本土蜜蜂遗传资源重要性，也为未来蜜蜂育种策略提供了新启示。
Morphological identification and genetic evolutionary analysis of three black western bee(Apis mellifera)species in China
[Objective]There are three groups of black honeybees,namely the Northeast Black Bee(Apis mellifera-northeast black bee),the Xinjiang Black Bee(Apis mellifera-Xinjiang Black Bee),and the Black western honeybee(Apis mellifera sinisxinyuan)in China.This study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of these three black western honeybee species through integrated morphological and molecular biological methods to gain a deeper understanding of their evolutionary relationships and adaptive characteristics.[Method]In this study,18 morphological traits of the three black honeybee groups were measured and compared,with the Italian bee(Apis mellifera ligustica)serving as a control.Concurrently,mitochondrial genes(ND2,COI,and COI-COII intergenic sequences)were analyzed to investigate their genetic structure and evolutionary relationships.[Result](1)Morphological analysis revealed that the Xinjiang Black Bee and Northeast Black Bee are similar in most morphological traits and generally larger than the Black western honeybee.All three black bee species showed significant differences from the Italian bee in certain key features(such as proboscis length and number of wing hooks),reflecting possible local environmental adaptations.(2)Genetic analysis unveiled a more complex evolutionary pattern.ND2 sequence-based analysis showed the closest phylogenetic relationship between the Xinjiang Black Bee and Northeast Black Bee,which is consistent with morphological results.However,analyses of the COI and COI-COII intergenic sequences indicated varying degrees of genetic overlap with the Italian bee,with the Black western honeybee as an exception.The Black western honeybee consistently clustered independently in all genetic analyses,suggesting it may have undergone a unique evolutionary process.[Conclusion]Both Xinjiang black bee and Northeast black bee can be classified within the C lineage;while Western black bees belong to the M lineage,which may have undergone a unique adaptive evolutionary process,thus demonstrating distinct genetic backgrounds and morphological traits.These findings not only deepen our understanding of the genetic diversity of native Chinese honeybee species but also provide important scientific basis for honeybee conservation and breeding efforts.The results highlight the importance of preserving native honeybee genetic resources while offering new insights for future breeding strategies.
black western honeybeemorphological characteristicsgenetic diversityevolutionary adaptationgermplasm resource conservation
万方数据
维普
