Low Administrative Efficiency and Institutional Path Defects——An Analysis on the Stagnation of Civil Officers Promotion and Transfer in the Early Qing Dynasty
Promotion is one of the important driving forces for the turnover of bureaucracy,and also affects the administrative efficiency and vitality of bureaucracy.Officials in the Qing Dynasty often encountered difficulties in advancing,which caused the stagnation of the bureaucratic ranks,espe-cially in the middle and junior officials.The reason for this stagnation was not only the lack of per-sonel caused by the imbalance of personnel access,but also the defects of the system design and the path planning.In different periods of the Qing Dynasty,the characteristics of official stagnation were different.In the early stage,it could be dredged by institutional adjustment,but in the middle and fi-nal stage,it showed a state of"stagnation and stability",which was one of the manifestations of the failure of the official incentive system.
promotion and transferstagnationadministrative efficiencyinstitutional defects
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