This article first interprets the definition of data in the PISA test,then analyzes sample questions in this content dimension.Next,it examines students'overall performance in data analysis and subsequently analyzes their proficiency in this dimension.Finally,it analyzes students'performance on sample questions.The research results show that students in the six East Asian countries/regions generally perform well in data analysis,but there is a significant gap compared to other content areas.The overall proficiency in mathematics is highly correlated with proficiency in uncertainty and data.There are significant differences in performance in this dimension among students with different levels of proficiency.