For a significant period,Hakka people's tendency to settle in mountainous regions,as encapsulated in the saying"settling in the mountains wherever they go,and not settling where there are no Hakka",has led to the dominance of the"mountainous Hakka"as the focal point of Hakka studies.Additionally,values such as"passing down the family through farming and learning,frugality,endurance of hardship,filial piety,loyalty,and respect for ancestors",which bear the indelible imprint of the agrarian era,have become entrenched as defining elements of the"Hakka spirit".The year of 2007 witnessed the inaugural proposition of"coastal Hakka"by Shenzhen,marking the inception of research into the cultural innovation resulting from the fusion of Hakka culture with maritime influences,a development that has increasingly captured the attention and contemplation of the scholarly community.A retrospective analysis of the evolution of Hakka studies,particularly in Shenzhen,from the focus on mountainous Hakka to the emergence of coastal Hakka as a scholarly discourse,coupled with a preliminary theoretical exploration,represents a profoundly meaningful endeavor.
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