The Reform of"Student-Centered"Undergraduate Education:The American Model and the European Model
The reform of"student-centered"undergraduate education is an important trend in the development of higher education across the world.The United States and Europe try to solve the problems caused by the large-scale expansion of higher education with the help of such a reform,and strive to improve the international competitiveness of higher education.In spite of their similar motivations to initiate the reform,they have developed different modes of reform in their practice:The US mode of scattering multi-agents indicates that the educational reform involves diversified agents who can give full play to their advantages to stimulate the reform in various aspects,but has its limitations in social support and structural change;the European model of linear,soft governance means that the educational reform is driven by a relatively stable center through"open and coordinated"soft governance(issuing guidelines for the practice by the European countries).The latter model ensures the"European dimension"of the reform,but owing to varied demands and national conditions of different European countries,the results of the reform vary greatly from country to country,and the micro fields fail to witness good results of the reform.By contrast,the key reform of undergraduate education in China is to stimulate the endogenous motivations of colleges and universities,pay attention to the use of learning outcomes,and attach importance to innovative modes of education and teaching.
student-centeredundergraduate educationAmerican modelEuropean model
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