Under the joint action of the external forces of social and historical development and the internal logic of higher education,the doctoral funding system in the United States has realized the evolution from the free and piecemeal format,federal government-led format,multi-factor mixed format to the comprehensive and three-dimensional format.The funding system has played an important role in reducing government financial burden and the economic pressure on doctoral students,creating high-level scientific research achievements and cultivating innovative talent.The remarkable success of the US funding system for doctoral students in the comprehensive and three-dimensional format is largely attributed to the policy guarantee mechanism driven by the multi-factor funding concept,multi-party interactive fund-raising mechanism,heterogeneous and flexible project application mechanism,scientific and standardized operating mechanism,and data-driven monitoring and feedback mechanism,which provides worth-learning experience and inspiration for the improvement of the doctoral funding system and the funding effect in China.
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