Study on role of low-melting point chalcophile elements (LMCE) in gold mineralization and its promotion mechanisms in gold enrichment
The low-melting point chalcophile elements (LMCE),including As,Sb,Bi,Hg,Pb,Se,Te,Tl,Sn,etc.,all belong to chalcophile elements in the V·M·Goldschmidt geochemical classification of elements. They have char-acteristics of chalcophile behavior,high electronegativity,low melting point and semi-metallic. During gold min-eralization process,these elements show strong affinities with sulfur,often forming LMCE-sulfides,sulfosalts,selenides,tellurides,and metal intermetallic compounds,and even forming Au intermetallic compounds. LMCE can form melts in ore-forming fluids and play an important bridging role in the efficient enrichment and precipita-tion for Au in gold deposits. The authors focus on the occurrences of LMCE in gold deposits,summarize the char-acteristics of LMCE-Au enrichment in gold deposits,and comprehensively summarize the ore-forming mecha-nisms of LMCE-Au enrichment. In some large-scale gold deposits,in addition to well-known processes such as water-rock reactions,sulfidation,fluid boiling,fluid mixing,organic mineralization,magma degassing,and super-imposed mineralization,fluid-melt separation,dissolution-reprecipitation,mineral recrystallization,mineral sur-face adsorption,and element substitution are also important geological processes for LMCE-Au enrichment in mineralization processes.
low-melting point chalcophile elementsoccurrence stateenrichment characteristicenrichment mechanism
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