Olfactory responses of fall web worm,Hyphantria cunea(Lepidoptera:Erebidae)to common and specific active volatiles in three tree species
[Aim]The fall webworm,Hyphantria cunea(Lepidoptera:Erebidae),is a significant pest affecting agriculture and forestry.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of common and specific active volatiles from two host plants,Fraxinus mandshurica and Ulmus pumila,and one non-host plant,Larix olgensis,on the olfactory behavior of adult fall webworm moths.Our findings will assist the development of plant-derived attractants and repellents for the prevention and control of the fall webworm.[Methods]The dynamic headspace adsorption method was used to collect plant volatiles.The active volatiles were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and gas chromatography coupled with electroantennogram detection(GC-EAD).A Y-tube olfactometer was used to measure the olfactory responses of adult fall webworm moths to different doses of standard compounds.[Results]Eight GC-EAD-active volatiles were identified.The specific active volatiles in F.mandshurica and L.olgensis were β-Phellandrene and 3-Carene,while the common active volatiles in the three tree species were α-Pinene,1,3-Diethylbenzene,1,4-Diethylbenzene,p-Cymene,3'-Ethylacetophenone,and 4'-Ethylacetophenone.Of these,0.1,1,100 μg/μL β-Phellandrene,and 0.1 μg/μL 4'-Ethylacetophenone had significant luring effects on unmated female fall webworm moths.Conversely,0.01 and 100 μg/μL α-Pinene and 0.1 μg/μL p-Cymene had a significant repellent effect.There was a significant luring effect of 0.1,1,10 μg/μL β-Phellandrene,1,100 μg/μL 3'-Ethylacetophenone and 1,3-Diethylbenzene,and 10 μg/μL 1,4-Diethylbenzene on unmated males,while 100 μg/μLα-Pinene and 0.01 μg/μL 1,4-Diethylbenzene had a significant repellent effect.A significant luring effect was observed on mated females exposed to 0.01,0.1,1,10 μg/μL 3-Carene,1,100 μg/μL α-Pinene,0.01 μg/μL 3'-Ethylacetophenone,0.01μg/μL 1,3-Diethylbenzene and 100 μg/μL 1,4-Diethylbenzene.Whereas,10 μg/μL 3'-Ethylacetophenone,0.01,100 μg/μL 4'-Ethylacetophenone,and 100 μg/μL 1,3-Diethylbenzene had a significant repellent effect.[Conclusion]Among the common active volatiles of the three tree species,unmated female moths showed a negative taxis response to α-Pinene.Unmated male moths displayed a positive taxis response to high concentrations of 1,4-Diethylbenzene but a negative taxis response to lower concentrations.Mated females showed a negative taxis response to 3'-Ethylacetophenone and 1,3-Diethylbenzene at high concentrations,and a positive taxis response to 4'-Ethylacetophenone at low concentrations.Within the specific active volatiles of L.olgensis and F.mandshurica,mated females exhibited a positive taxis response to 3-Carene,while unmated females and males showed a positive taxis response to β-Phellandrene.
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