Fergana valley is located in northeastern Central Asia,in Upper Syr Darya.Its unique geographical location makes it the crossroad of cultural interchange between the ancient east and west.Archaeological study started in Fergana since the end of 19th century,and till now has been through more than one hundred years.It has accumulated rich archaeological materials and research achievements,basically revealing features of the archaeological cultures in different areas of Fergana valley,and preliminarily establishing the cultural sequence of this region.Especially in recent years,new findings and studies highlight the significant position of Fergana valley in the migration of people and interchange of material culture between the eastern and western part of Eurasian continent,therefore,Fergana valley attracts more and more attention in international academic circle.The paper combs the history of archaeological discovery and research in Fergana valley,the existed archaeological cultural sequence,and several important issues,and then points out the prominent problems of archaeological study of Fergana valley,and finally proposes the research prospect,so as to lay the foundation for the researches of relevant issues.