Geographic Characteristics of International R&D Partners and Innovation Success and Failure:"More is Better"or"Closer is Better"?
This study scientifically measures the geographic proximity and geographic diversity of R&D partners,applies a panel bivariate probit model to verify the impact of R&D partner selection on innovation success and failure and carry out Wald test to compare the impact degree based on observations of 161 Chinese high-tech industrial enterprises from 2015-2021.It expands the application of economic geography and knowledge base theory in international R&D partner contexts.The results show that:(1)both geographic proximity and diversity of R&D partners positively affect innovation success and failure;(2)R&D partners with higher geographic proximity contribute more to innovation success;R&D partners with lower geographic proximity contribute more to innovation failure;(3)R&D partners with lower geographic diversity contribute more to innovation success;R&D partners with higher geographic diversity have a positive effect on both innovation success and failure,but the difference in effect is not significant.
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