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科技伦理治理战略下颠覆性技术的伦理挑战及其应对

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人们对颠覆性技术的认识往往主要局限于经济、商业和科学学等领域,无法全面把握其与社会的互动关系.从科技伦理治理的视角审视,人工智能等颠覆性技术不仅在特定行业领域产生颠覆性影响,而且日益深度嵌入社会系统,在人的自主性、社会公平正义、自然秩序等层面均带来颠覆性伦理挑战及治理难题.然而,颠覆性技术创新的突破性和伦理规范制定、伦理治理框架变革速度之间有时存在不对称性,治理效益与风险的权衡极为复杂,涉及多方利益冲突,难以达成一致性和共识从而导致决策困境.在推进颠覆性技术伦理治理中,应注重伦理创新与技术创新的同步推进,通过加强伦理预见优化风险与效益权衡,扩大多元主体参与和跨学科合作,加强国际合作与协调、共同制定颠覆性技术伦理标准和治理框架,促进颠覆性技术向善发展.
The Ethical Challenges and Countermeasures of Disruptive Technology Under the Strategy of Governance over Ethics in Science and Technology
People's understanding of disruptive technologies is often limited to the fields of economics,business,and scientific studies,hindering a comprehensive grasp of their interactions with society.From the perspective of governance over ethics in science and technology,disruptive technologies like artificial intelligence not only have significant impacts on specific industries,but are also increasingly integrated into social systems.These technologies pose profound ethical challenges and governance issues related to human autonomy,social fairness and justice,and the natural order.However,there is often a disconnect between the rapid pace of disruptive technological innovation and the slower development of ethical norms and governance frameworks.Balancing the benefits and risks of governance is highly complex,involving conflicts of interest among various stakeholders,which makes consensus and decision-making challenging.To advance the ethical governance of disruptive technologies,it is crucial to promote the simultaneous development of ethical and technological innovation,strengthen agile governance,and enhance ethical foresight to better balance risks and benefits.Expanding multi-stakeholder participation and interdisciplinary collaboration,along with reinforcing international cooperation and coordination,are also essential.These efforts can help establish ethical standards and governance frameworks for disruptive technologies,ensuring their development contributes positively to society.

disruptive technologyethical foresightethical challengeethical normsscience and technology ethics governanceartificial intelligencetechnological innovation

薛桂波、燕茹

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南京林业大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京 210037

颠覆性技术 伦理预见 伦理挑战 伦理规范 科技伦理治理 人工智能 技术创新

国家社会科学基金重大项目江苏省社会科学基金重点项目江苏省高等学校哲学社会科学研究重大项目

23&ZD10323ZXA0012023SJZD114

2024

10.3969/j.issn.1000-7695.2024.10.024

科技管理研究
广东省科学学与科技管理研究会

科技管理研究

CSTPCDCHSSCD
影响因子：0.779
ISSN：1000-7695
年,卷(期)：2024.44(10)