摘要
加大研究与开发(R&D)投入和对标世界一流成为提升中国企业创新能力的普遍共识.准确理解创新与R&D之间内在联动机制和充分比较中美企业R&D管理模式尤为重要.首先对创新的本质属性以及其与R&D的关系进行深入讨论,提出企业直接参与各类R&D活动是提升创新能力的关键.然后基于官方数据统计,从多个维度对中美企业R&D活动进行比较分析.结果发现:美国企业研发投入、研发强度、R&D活动全国占比等方面优势明显,3种R&D类型活动更加均衡.因此,建议从增加政府直接投入、制订收税优惠政策、支持企业牵头产学研融合、借鉴标杆最佳实践等方面增强中国企业创新能力.
Abstract
There is widespread agreement that increasing R&D generally is critical to improve the innovation capability of Chinese enterprises.The pathways from R&D to innovation,however,is a more ambiguous question.To make it clear,this study firstexplores mechanisms linking R&D and innovation,and it indicates that striking a balance among basic research,applied research and experimental development is necessary for enterprises to build sustainable competitive advantages.Second,a systematic comparison of R&D management between US and Chinese enterprises is conducted.The results show that US enterprises have significant advantages in R&D investment,R&D intensity,and the share of R&D in national R&D system.The share of different R&D activities of US enterprises is more balanced.Finally,some suggestions are put forward,and special attention should be paid to government funding support to enterprises,preferential tax policies,science-industry collaboration,and benchmarking best practices.
维普
万方数据