Research Progress of Energy-Saving Anode and Electrolyte Purification for Manganese Electrolysis
In the smelting process of manganese metal,more than 90%of manganese is extracted by hydrometal-lurgical technology,and the anode material and purified electrolyte are one of the most important factors affecting the energy consumption,electrical efficiency and quality of manganese electrowinning.At present,the lead-silver alloy anode plate widely used in manganese electrowinning has the disadvantages of low strength,easy to be de-formed and poor corrosion resistance in F-and Cl-containing electrolyte.Therefore,the reduction of energy consumption and the improvement of cathode product quality in manganese electrowinning are the hot spots in today's research.This paper firstly summarizes the performance change state of anode in sulfate system and chlo-ride salt system,and focuses on the purification and decontamination method of manganese electrolyte.In sulfate system,the use of lead alloy doping Ag,Sn,Sb,Ca,La and other elements can inhibit the dissolution of lead,while improving the corrosion resistance and electrocatalytic activity,the use of grid-type structure 3DAl/Sn rod Pb-0.75%Ag/F-β-PbO2 anode plate of the tank voltage can be reduced by 53mV,the current efficiency in-creased by 3.09%.Most of the anodes used in chloride systems are carbon and graphite,lead dioxide and RuO2 type oxides,amorphous oxide anodes such as Ti/IrO2/Mn1-xMoxO2+x have become a hot spot in research due to the nanocrystalline grains on their surfaces and very small cracks,which have high catalytic activity and high du-rability.Under the same conditions,the current efficiency of chloride system is 5%-6%higher than that of sul-fate system.Then the purification of manganese electrolyte is introduced,which contains the principles,advanta-ges and disadvantages of the decontamination methods such as sulfide precipitation method,hydroxide precipitati-on method and ion exchange method.Although the ion exchange method is more costly,it has high processing ca-pacity,high removal efficiency and fast kinetics.Therefore,the development of new energy-saving anode and the selection of suitable electrolyte impurity removal process and reasonable control of impurity removal cost are cru-cial for manganese electrowinning to save energy and reduce consumption and improve the purity of cathode man-ganese.Finally,the development direction of manganese electrolysis is prospected.
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