The Impact of Gastrointestinal Hormones on Obesity and Advances in Anti-Obesity Drug Research
Over the past 30 years,obesity has become a major global public health concern,with its incidence ris-ing significantly.The global population affected by obesity has reached 1.038 billion.Obesity not only increases the risk of type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular diseases,and certain malignancies but also imposes severe economic and social burdens.As a heterogeneous disease,obesity is associated with multiple factors,primarily excessive food in-take and insufficient energy expenditure.Recent studies have discovered that gastrointestinal hormones play a cru-cial role in regulating food intake and energy metabolism.This review summarizes the mechanisms by which various gastrointestinal hormones,such as glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),glucose-dependent insulinotropic poly-peptide(GIP),and ghrelin,influence obesity.It also highlights the progress in developing anti-obesity drugs targeting these hormone receptors.Notably,GLP-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated significant clinical effica-cy,becoming blockbuster drugs for obesity treatment.By summarizing current research findings and clinical trial data,this paper aims to provide new insights and directions for future obesity treatment.
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