摘要
为积极应对全球气候变化,兑现"碳达峰""碳中和"承诺,应尽量减少温室气体排放.二氧化碳捕集是减少温室气体排放、实现碳中和的主要途径.根据碳与燃料分离时段的不同,二氧化碳捕集路径可分为燃烧前捕集、燃烧后捕集和空气捕集等几种;捕集技术主要有化学吸收法、物理吸附法、膜分离法、低温冷凝法等.分析了国内外最新二氧化碳捕集路径和技术的分类、原理、优缺点、工业化应用现状及存在的问题;展望了提高二氧化碳捕集技术工业化应用水平的研究方向,指出高效吸收和解吸技术、二氧化碳吸附动力学、高渗透选择性低压力降的二氧化碳分离膜组件、冷凝耦合技术是未来研究的重点领域.
Abstract
To actively address global climate change and fulfill the commitments of"carbon peak"and"carbon neutrality,"it is essential to minimize greenhouse gas emissions.Carbon dioxide capture is a primary means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon neutrality.Based on the different timing of carbon sepa-ration from fuels,carbon dioxide capture pathways can be categorized into pre-combustion capture,post-com-bustion capture,and air capture;the main capture technologies include chemical absorption,physical adsorption,membrane separation,and low-temperature condensation.This paper analyzes the classification,principles,ad-vantages,disadvantages,current industrial applications,and existing issues of the latest carbon dioxide capture pathways and technologies at home and abroad.It also prospects the research directions for improving the industri-al application level of carbon dioxide capture technologies,pointing out that efficient absorption and desorption technologies,carbon dioxide adsorption kinetics,high permeability and selectivity with low pressure drop carbon dioxide separation membrane components,and condensation coupling technologies are key areas for future re-search.
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