Review on the Advancements in Nonlinear Process Intensification of Chaotic Flows in Bath Smelting of Nonferrous Metals
Bath smelting technology is widely used in the smelting of nonferrous metals such as copper,nickel,lead,and tin due to its high efficiency,ease of operation,and strong applicability.However,in actual production,this method faces common industry problems,including insufficient stirring of the molten bath by the injected gas,severe melt splashing,and the short lifespan of the lance and refractory lining.From a mechanistic perspec-tive,the fluid in the molten bath exhibits highly nonlinear chaotic flow characteristics,involving heat transfer,mass transfer,phase change,and chemical reactions among gas,liquid,and solid phases.This complexity has hin-dered a deep understanding of the enhanced mixing mechanisms in molten baths,thereby restricting the develop-ment of this technology.This paper comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in the field of inten-sification of the nonferrous metal bath smelting process from three aspects:the theory of nonlinear intensification of chaotic flow mixing,the research on intensification of top-side-bottom blowing processes,and the quantita-tive evaluation methods of multiphase mixing effects.Finally,the development trends is prospected.
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