数值计算已成为山区河流集鱼设施进鱼口选址流场分析的首要方法,自由表面的不同模拟方法与计算效率、精度明显关联,基于三个典型实际工程进鱼口选址的流场计算,分析了自由表面的刚盖假设法、VOF(Volume of Fluid)法在三种布置方案(尾水渠后布置集鱼设施、尾水洞外布置集鱼设施、尾水洞洞口布置集鱼设施)的流场计算应用过程与效果.研究表明:两种方法具体的选择方案,应结合水工建筑物设计参数及位置、下游河道边界、工程水流的实际运行情况灵活确定;刚盖假定法对大交角、小流量尾水洞集鱼系统进鱼口选址的流场计算是合适的,可更好提高计算效率;流场计算宜结合现场原型河道水流观测数据对数学模型(水工模型)验证分析.
Numerical Calculation and Practice of Flow Field for Site Selection of Fish-Gathering Facility Entrances in Mountain Rivers
Numerical computation has become the primary method for analyzing the flow field in the site selection for fish collection facilities in mountain rivers.The various simulation methods for free surfaces are related to computational efficiency and accuracy.This paper is based on flow field calculations for fishway site selection in three typical engineering projects and analyzes the application and effects of the solid-lid and VOF(Volume of Fluid)methods within three layout schemes:arranging fish collection facilities behind the tailwater channel,out-side the tailwater tunnel,and at the mouth of the tailwater tunnel.The study indicates that the selection of these methods should be flexibly determined in conjunction with the hydraulic structure's design parameters and loca-tion,the downstream river boundaries,and the actual flow conditions of the project.The solid-lid method is suitable for calculating the flow field at the site selection for fish entrances in fish gathering systems of tailrace tunnels with large intersection angles and low flow rates,significantly improving computational efficiency.The flow field calculations should be combined with on-site prototype river flow observation data to verify and ana-lyze mathematical models(hydraulic models).
mountain riversfish passage facilitiesfish entranceflow field
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