Exploring the Functions and Strategies of Informal Contexts to Promote Girls'Science Learning
Girls'science learning has always been a critical issue in the international science education field,and science learning based on informal contexts,as a learning activity that occurs outside the framework of formal school education,plays a significant role in enhancing the scientific literacy of girls.Based on a systematic review and analysis of the literature,this paper finds that informal contexts have unique functions in promoting girls'science learning:they extend learning time and space,encouraging the cultivation of a growth mindset in girls'science learning;they create rich contexts,helping girls'interest in science;they take care of gender-specific qualities'helping girls to build a solid scientific identity;and they coordinate with the family and the school,laying the foundation of lifelong science learning for girls.There are four main strategies to promote girls'science learning through informal contexts:taking into account gender differences and relevance to stimulate girls'participation in science;innovating the content and form to enhance girls'interest in science and their identity;integrating resources from various sources to empower girls'science learning continuously;and implementing diverse assessments to highlight the diversity of girls'learning outcomes.This paper explores the functions and strategies of promoting girls'science learning from the perspective of informal contexts,aiming to provide new perspectives and ideas for dissolving gender differences in science learning and promoting girls'science learning.
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