Mouth breathing,as a common problem in the growth and development of children and adolescents,has always been concerned by orthodontists.Long-term continuous chronic mouth breathing can cause abnormal growth of adolescents in the sagittal,horizontal and vertical directions.There will also have adverse changes in muscle function,including bite,cheek,and tongue muscle strength decline.In severe cases,systemic diseases can be induced.The accompanying'adenoid and/or tonsil face'has attracted more and more attention from parents.With the launch of Human Microbiome Project in 2007,people began to pay attention to the correlation between oral mi-crobiome changes and the occurrence and development of diseases.This article reviews the mouth breathing,oral microecology,and their correlation in children and adolescents.
关键词
儿童/青少年/口呼吸/口腔微生态/腺样体肥大/扁桃体肥大
Key words
children and adolescents/mouth breathing/oral microecology/adenoid hypertrophy/tonsil hypertrophy
维普
万方数据