摘要
不同于以往技术实践,脑机接口技术打破了形而上学"人与技术二分"的旧有范式,实现了人与技术的深度融合,强调了人与技术之间的相互塑造与彼此嵌入的亲密关系形态,其应用场景包括行动替代式、意识捕获式与认知增强式.在脑机接口技术应用场景中"人-技术"的深度融合造成技术对人类自主性的干预、思维的可读取性使思维"裸奔"、技术自身缺陷与技术价值的非中立性造成认知干扰与责任归属模糊等伦理问题,对此可从政策制定、技术创新、伦理评估与建立监督反馈机制四方面出发实现技术治理.
Abstract
Different from the previous technical practice,the technology of BCI breaks the old paradigm of"dichot-omy between man and technology".BCI realizes the deep integration of human and technology,and emphasizes the mutual shaping and embedded relationship between human and technology.Its applications include action substitu-tion,consciousness capturing and cognitive enhancement.However,in the application of BCI,deep integration of"human-technology"causes ethical problems such as the interference of technology on human autonomy,streak-ing of mind caused by readability of thinking,and cognitive interference which depends on the defects of technolo-gy,non-neutrality of technical value,and the fuzzy attribution of responsibility.Therefore,technical governance can be realized from four aspects:policy formulation,technological innovation,ethical evaluation and establish-ment of supervision and feedback mechanism.
NETL
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