技能习得模型与运动意向性——兼论德雷福斯与塞尔、麦克道尔的争论
The Model of Skill Acquisition and Motor Intentionality——On Dreyfus's Debates with Searle and McDowell
程瑞 1伏其秦1
作者信息
- 1. 山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心,太原 030006
- 折叠
摘要
德雷福斯通过批判笛卡尔主义式的人类智能解释传统模型,提出了基于熟练应对的技能习得模型.这一模型包括技能水平的五个发展阶段与熟练应对的三种层次.德雷福斯在技能习得模型中揭示出不同于传统预设的表征意向性的运动意向性,以及不同于意向行动的专注应对行为,并在与塞尔、麦克道尔的争论中逐步阐释了它们的关系:人与动物共享的运动意向性与专注应对行为,始终作为表征意向性和意向行动的背景基础,在此基础上深思熟虑的意向行动对专注应对行为的撤离,是我们学习新技能或达到更高层次技能水平的必要手段.这种观点需要一种不同于笛卡尔的心灵表征、个体主义的更为丰富的存在论,并更普遍地回应技术哲学领域的困境.
Abstract
By criticizing the Cartesian model for explaining human intelligence,Dreyfus proposed a model of skill acquisition based on skillful coping,which includes five developing stages of skills and three levels of skillful cop-ing.It reveals the embodied motor intentionality that is different from the traditional presumed representational in-tentionality,as well as the absorbed coping that is different from intentional actions.Through the debate with Searle and McDowell,Dreyfus gradually elaborated their relationships.The motor intentionality and absorbed coping shared by human beings and animals always serve as the background basis of representational intentionality and in-tentional actions.On this basis,the withdrawal of deliberated intentional actions from absorbed coping through de-liberation is the necessary approach for us to learn new skills or reach higher skill levels.This perspective asks for a richer ontology that differs from Cartesian mental representation and individualism,and responds more generally to the dilemmas in the field of philosophy of technology.
关键词
德雷福斯/熟练应对/技能习得模型/表征意向性/运动意向性Key words
Dreyfus/skillful coping/the model of skill acquisition/representational intentionality/motor inten-tionality引用本文复制引用
基金项目
山西省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(20200108)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据