It has been argued that supervenience generates unavoidable multi-level confounding problems for inter-ventionist accounts of causation,so we must choose between interventionism and supervenience.There are four ap-proaches to solve the problem:exemption of fixation,the approach of causal graph,limited application scope schemes,and the proportionality constraint.Among them,the proportionality constraint is the most reasonable,while others undermine the methodological validity of causal tests.Supervenience is a"surface"relationship,which is difficult to distinguish from causation in philosophy and science.Therefore,Supervenience should be re-garded as a possible hybrid variable like causation.Confounding problems is not a real problem.
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