The Characterizations of Causal Emergence and Their Problems in Complex Systems
Nonlinear dynamics in complex systems has challenged linear causal analysis methods,and emphasized the formal causes and the inter-level causality.The research on causal emergence integrates causality with emer-gentism,based on the characterization of the causal effectiveness of micro level and macro level of the complex sys-tem respectively,the causal emergence from the micro level to the macro level is revealed.This paper discloses the tendency of combining conditional relation with probability theory in causality research,elucidates the main meas-urement and identification schemes of causal emergence in sequence,and indicates that the key to characterizing causal emergence lies in the definition and division of levels.Introducing complex system theories into causality re-search helps to clarify the possibility of irreducible causal effectiveness of the supervening macro level,and provides theoretical supports and explanatory tools for macroscopic behaviors and norms in complex systems,especially in complex social systems.
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