首页|人工智能道德责任归属——基于斯特劳森反应型态度理论分析

人工智能道德责任归属——基于斯特劳森反应型态度理论分析

Attribution of Moral Responsibility in Artificial Intelligence——Based on Strawson's Reactive Attitudes Theory

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随着人工智能自主性的不断提高,出现了人工智能道德责任的归属问题.责任主体一元论认为,人类应该承担全部的道德责任;责任主体二元论认为,道德责任应该由人类和人工智能共同承担;人工智能自我责任论则基于人工智能可发展的未来,认为人工智能作为具有智能和自主决策能力的实体,其所产生的道德责任问题应该归责于人工智能本身.究其三种争论的本质是对道德责任概念本身的不同理解,故产生了对道德责任归责对象的争议.斯特劳森从实践的角度出发,认为道德责任的归属问题应该是在"反应型态度"的表达上展开的.基于斯特劳森反应型态度理论分析人工智能责任归属问题,使道德责任归属问题更加明确.人工智能只能作为"客观态度"的处理对象,不被视为道德责任的承担者.而人类作为人工智能的研发、管理和使用者被视为"反应型态度"的对象,将承担全部的道德责任.
With the increasing autonomy of artificial intelligence,the problem of attribution of moral responsibility in artificial intelligence appears.The monism of responsible subject holds that humans should bear all moral respon-sibility;the dualism of responsible subject holds that moral responsibility should be shared by humans and artificial intelligence;the self-responsibility theory of artificial intelligence,based on the future that artificial intelligence can develop,holds that as an entity with intelligence and autonomous decision-making ability,the problem of moral responsibility generated by artificial intelligence should be attributed to artificial intelligence itself.The es-sence of the three kinds of arguments is the different understanding of the concept of moral responsibility itself,so there is a dispute about the objects of moral responsibility imputation.From the perspective of practice,Strawson believes that the problem in the attribution of moral responsibility should be developed on the expression of"reac-tive attitudes".Based on Strawson's reactive attitudes theory,this paper analyzes the problem of responsibility at-tribution in artificial intelligence and makes the problem in the attribution of moral responsibility more clearly.Arti-ficial intelligence can only be treated as an object of"objective attitudes"and is not seen as a bearer of moral re-sponsibility.Humans,as developers,managers and users of artificial intelligence,are regarded as the object of"reactive attitudes"and will bear the full moral responsibility.

artificial intelligencemoral responsibilityreactive attitudes

马帅超、朱志方

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武汉大学哲学学院,武汉 430072

人工智能 道德责任 反应型态度

2024

科学技术哲学研究
山西大学 山西省自然辩证法研究会

科学技术哲学研究

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.299
ISSN:1674-7062
年,卷(期):2024.41(5)
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