In order to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated space-ground monitoring technology that consists of spaceborne radar interferometry,global navigation and positioning system(GNSS)deformation monitoring,underground displacement sensor monitoring,and pipeline stress-strain monitoring in major oil and gas infrastructure SBAS-InSAR technology to extract long-term surface deformation data in the Tianjin LNG(liquefied natural gas)terminal area was employed.Additionally,the relationship between ground GNSS surface displacement,multi-depth displacement meters,pipeline strain sensor data,and synchronous SBAS-InSAR surface deformation data was examined.Furthermore,the temporal variation patterns of rainfall-drought cycles was analyzed.The findings of this study indicate that the non-uniform settlement in the Tianjin LNG terminal area was most significant over the three-year period from May 2019 to April 2022,with a maximum value of-394 mm.Analysis of the temporal deformation data derived from SBAS-InSAR revealed subsidence deformation ranging from 15～53 mm,while ground displacement measured by GNSS exhibited responses ranging from 9～57 mm.There was a strong correlation and consistency between the two measurements.The changes in SBAS-InSAR surface deformation were closely linked to precipitation,as observed by multi-depth displacement meters at depths of 1 m,2 m,and 3 m.These changes demonstrated significant fluctuations between the rainy and dry seasons,exhibiting good synchronization.This suggests that the characteristics of SBAS-InSAR surface deformation can effectively depict the displacement patterns of underground soil layers.Additionally,the surface subsidence measured by SBAS-InSAR showed a positive correlation with underground pipeline strain,indicating that SBAS-InSAR surface deformation data serve as a reliable indicator for assessing the strain in underground pipelines.The integrated application of spaceborne radar interferometry,ground-based GNSS deformation monitoring,underground displacement sensor monitoring,and pipeline stress-strain monitoring in a space-ground integrated monitoring system can provide valuable insights for the future development of pipeline safety monitoring technologies.
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