Hyperuricemia and Exercise:Acute and Long-term Effects on Uric Acid Metabolism and Mechanistic Investigations
Elevated serum uric acid(SUA)levels due to uricase gene mutations have historically been pivotal in human evolution,enhancing physical activity and athletic capability.However,with changing lifestyles,dietary habits,and behaviors,hyperuricemia(HUA)has increasingly become a significant factor affecting human health.Non-pharmacological interventions,particularly exercise,are key strategies employed for regulating uric acid levels and treating HUA.The impact of acute and long-term regular exercise on uric acid metabolism was explored and elucidated.It provided exercise guidelines for patients with HUA and offers an innovative summary of the potential mechanisms through which long-term regular exercise interventions improved uric acid metabolism.The research indicates that acute exercise may lead to increased SUA levels by enhancing the adenosine triphosphate(ATP)turnover rate,inducing lactic acidosis and ketosis,and causing dehydration.However,long-term regular exercise has been shown to improve uric acid metabolism and reduce SUA levels.Although lacking explicit and high-quality evidence,a comprehensive analysis of existing literature suggests potential mechanisms through which long-term regular exercise improves uric acid metabolism,including:controlling body weight and reducing obesity,improving body composition,enhancing energy and purine metabolism,boosting renal function,strengthening the body's antioxidant capacity,and regulating the gut microbiome.It is recommended that individuals initiate exercise intervention with light to moderate-intensity activities such as jogging,resistance training,yoga,or a combination thereof during the initial phase.As uric acid levels stabilize or return to normal,the proportion of high-intensity exercises can gradually increase.Maintaining a lifelong exercise habit,combined with dietary and nutritional interventions,can maximally balance uric acid metabolism.However,current research on exercise intervention for HUA faces multiple challenges,including a limited number of studies,lack of sample diversity,absence of high-quality controlled experiments,insufficient consideration of individual differences,incomplete understanding of intervention mechanisms,and issues concerning the suitability of exercise type and intensity.Future research should comprehensively address these challenges,conduct more high-quality studies,delve into the molecular and biological mechanisms of long-term regular exercise interventions for HUA,and explore the potential mechanisms and applications of synergistic regulation of uric acid metabolism through exercise,nutrition,and physical interventions.
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