首页|北冰洋海洋酸化和碳循环的研究进展

北冰洋海洋酸化和碳循环的研究进展

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海洋响应大气CO2升高, 引起海水pH和碳酸钙饱和度下降, 这一过程称为海洋酸化.海洋酸化可能会对海洋生物和生态系统造成严重危害.在过去的20年中, 全球气候变化引起北冰洋发生一系列快速变化, 包括:海表温度上升、海冰快速后退、太平洋入流水增多、北冰洋和大气环流异常、淡水储量增加、初级生产力变异等.全球气候变化所诱发的北极快速变化预计将放大北冰洋海洋酸化, 通过CO2吸收和碳输送, 北冰洋在响应气候变化较其他大洋更快速和显著.本文以北冰洋近岸碳吸收和碳封存研究, 海盆区域表层海水p CO2变异机理研究, 20年来西北冰洋的酸化水体扩张现象为主线, 综述了北冰洋快速融冰背景下的区域碳循环研究进展, 并分析了其酸化水体增长与过去20年的环境和气候变化之间的联系.
Review on ocean acidification and carbon cycling in the Arctic Ocean
The uptake of anthropogenic CO2 by the ocean decreases seawater pH and carbonate mineral aragonite saturation state (Ωarag), a process known as Ocean Acidification (OA).This could be detrimental to marine organisms and ecosystems.It is well known that the Arctic Ocean is a "Bellwether" for prospective changes in the global ocean acidification.Over the past two decades, global warming and climate change have caused rapid changes in the Arctic, especially in the western Arctic Ocean.These changes include rapid sea ice retreat and increases in sea surface temperatures, Pacific water inflow, freshwater storage, primary production, and surface CO2 concentrations.Projected climate change processes are thought to amplify OA in the Arctic Ocean, and absorption of CO2 and carbon burial in the arctic ocean makes it more rapid and significant in response to climate change than other basins.Based on the advantages of high-level China-US cooperation over the past decade, thorough and complete work of data collection, sorting and analysis for the 7 Chinese Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-Arc) cruises from 1999 to 2016 with the icebreaker R/V Xuelong, and a supplement of other US database collected during 1994-2011 which have provided opportunities for Chinese and U.S.scientists to investigate the status and changes of the Arctic Ocean.In this review, we first summarize the climate and environmental change in the arctic over the past 20 years.These changes have important implications for the carbon cycle and ocean acidification.With respect to carbon cycle, we summarize influences of rapidly changing sea-ice and growing Pacific inflow on the absorption of atmospheric CO2 in the Chukchi Sea, the response of deep-ocean carbon sequestration (continental shelf pump) to the changing environment, and to summarize a hypothesis of "low-low-high" variation trend in sea surface water p CO2 along a decreasing ice-cover gradient across three different zones in the western Arctic Ocean under a rapid sea ice melting scenario in the summer.In particular, high resolution survey of sea surface CO2 level (high p CO2) were reported across the Canada Basin, showing a great increase over earlier observations.Contrary to the current prediction, the Arctic Ocean basin would not become a large atmospheric CO2 sink under ice-free conditions.In addition, we review the rate and scale of ocean acidification in the western Arctic Ocean and evaluate links to environmental and climate change over the past two decades.Our new research indicates that, between the 1990's and 2010, acidified waters has increased in the upper 250 m from 5% to 31% of the total area north of 70°N.The Arctic Ocean is the first open ocean where we see such a large-scale increase in acidification, more than two times faster than that observed in the Pacific or Atlantic oceans.Tracer data and model simulations suggest that increased Pacific Winter Water (PWW), driven by retreating sea ice and anomalous circulation patterns in the summer season, is primarily responsible for this OA expansion.Finally, the future changes of carbon cycling and ocean acidification in the context of climate change are outlined.

CO2ocean acidificationclimate changerapid sea ice retreatArctic Ocean

祁第、陈立奇、蔡卫君、高众勇、陈宝山、钟文理、魏晧、孙恒、张远辉、许苏清、张逸行

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国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室, 厦门 361005

School of Marine Science and Policy,University of Delaware, Newark 19716, USA

中国海洋大学物理海洋学教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100

天津大学海洋科学与技术学院, 天津 300072

山东大学海洋研究院, 济南 250100

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CO2 海洋酸化 气候变化 快速融冰 北冰洋

国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金南北极环境综合考察与评估专项国家国际科技合作专项国家海洋局双边海洋国际事务合作国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费国家海洋局西太平洋海洋环境监测预警体系建设专项

412305294163096941476172414761734140622140531007CHINARE2011-20182015DFG2201022002072017029SOA201303

2018

科学通报
中国科学院国家自然科学基金委员会

科学通报

CSTPCDCSCD北大核心EI
影响因子:1.269
ISSN:0023-074X
年,卷(期):2018.63(22)
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