经济人信念影响捐赠意愿:有调节的中介
Homo economicus belief affects donation willingness:The moderated mediation
刘好 1郭睿 2于佳露 1徐丞谊 1郭子妍 1伍珍3
作者信息
- 1. 清华大学心理学系,北京 100084
- 2. 北京师范大学马克思主义学院,北京 100875
- 3. 清华大学心理学系,北京 100084;清华大学终身学习实验室,北京 100084
- 折叠
摘要
以往研究发现,经济人信念可能会影响捐赠意愿,但其内部机制与外部影响因素尚不明晰.本研究通过4个实验揭示了大学生经济人信念影响捐赠意愿的可能路径.实验1(n=117)采用阅读理解范式操纵经济人信念,测量大学生面对捐赠情境产生的共情关心和捐赠意愿,发现经济人信念降低了共情关心,进而减少捐赠意愿.实验2(n=142)发现,该中介效应受到情境中受助对象是否有人身伤害的调节:无人身伤害时,中介效应显著;而有人身伤害时,不论经济人信念强弱,共情关心和捐赠意愿都较好.实验3(n=368)与实验4(n=225)使用不同的范式操纵经济人信念,在验证上述效应的基础上,进一步发现,这可能是由于大学生在人身伤害情境中会感知到较高的捐赠必要性;经济人信念通过共情关心与捐赠必要性的链式中介作用影响捐赠意愿.
Abstract
The belief in homo economicus,which assumes that humans act rationally and are self-interested,has been linked to reduced charitable donations;however,the underlying mechanisms of this association are not well understood.To address this gap,we conducted four online experiments and sought to investigate how empathic concern,perceived necessity of donation,and contextual factor of physical harm interact to explain the relation between homo economicus belief and donation behavior.We hypothesized a chain mediation model,in which empathic concern and perceived necessity of donation would mediate the path linking homo economicus belief with donation behavior,and the degree of physical harm involved in donation scenarios would moderate the mediation effect.Experiment 1 examined whether empathic concern mediated the relation between homo economicus belief and donation behavior.We randomly assigned Chinese college students(n=117)to either the priming or control group to manipulate their beliefs in homo economicus.Both groups were then presented with the same donation scenarios and asked to report their empathic concern and the amount of money they were willing to donate.Results showed that the primed belief in homo economicus decreased donations,and this effect was fully mediated by empathic concern.Experiment 2(n=142)further examined whether physical harm in the donation scenarios moderated the associations revealed in Experiment 1.Results indicated that empathic concern played a mediating role only when donating scenarios did not involve physical harm.When physical harm was present in the donating scenarios,participants showed more empathic concern and were willing to donate more money than when physical harm was not present,regardless of their beliefs in homo economicus.Building upon the first two experiments,Experiment 3(n=368)and Experiment 4(n=225)used different methods to manipulate participants'beliefs in homo economicus and examined the role of perceived necessity of donation-a latent factor represented by participants'self-reported perceived severity of the need,efficacy of the donation,and social responsibility of the donation.Results showed that participants perceived higher levels of donation necessity in scenarios involving physical harm,which led to greater amounts of donations.This could explain the nonsignificant effect of homo economicus belief on donation behavior in scenarios involving physical harm.In sum,our findings suggest that stronger belief in homo economicus may lead to lower levels of empathic concern and perceived necessity of donation,which in turn decreases donations.However,the presence of physical harm in donation scenarios may increase people's awareness of necessity of donation and thus amplify the beneficial effects of empathic concern on donation behavior.Our study supports a chain mediation model that sheds new light on the psychological mechanisms underpinning individual differences in money donations.The series of experiments not only enrich our understanding of how homo economicus belief influences charitable donations,but also offer strategies for increasing donations by promoting empathic concern and perceived necessity of donation among people with diverse views of homo economicus.
关键词
经济人信念/捐赠意愿/共情关心/人身伤害/捐赠必要性Key words
homo economicus belief/donation willingness/empathy concern/physical harm/necessity of donation引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(32271110)
清华大学春风基金(20211080038)
北京师范大学青年教师基金(2022NTSS08)
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据