Research progress,application and perspective of moist-electric generations
With the depletion of fossil resources and the aggravation of environmental pollution,the demand for green and renewable energy is increasingly urgent.The exploration of new green energy resources is regarded as one of effective ways to alleviate the energy crisis.As a rich renewable resource,water energy can be converted into electrical energy through flow,evaporation,and diffusion.Water molecules exist on the Earth's surface mainly in solid,liquid,and gaseous forms.Currently,a variety of new energy conversion devices have developed,such as thermoelectrochemical cells,solar cells,thermoelectric generators,and triboelectric nanogenerators.Large-scale equipment that uses liquid water,such as hydroelectric power generation and tidal energy generation,has been developed for the efficient use of water resources.In recent years,the hydrovoltaic effect between water molecules and functional materials has aroused research interest in moisture generation.Common water vapor generation devices mainly include water evaporation-induced electricity generators(WEGs)which use water evaporation to generate electricity and moist-electric generations(MEGs)which absorb moisture to generate electricity.The former generates electricity through evaporation of water and the latter byabsorption of moisture.MEGs have good environmental adaptability and can spontaneously absorb moisture in the air.As an emerging green energy technology,MEGs have stimulated the research interest of scholars.The electrical circuit of MEGs is usually composed of a pair of electrodes and an active layer.The mechanisms of MEGs are complex,and the following three processes are required to achieve stable electrical output,including moisture absorption by the material layer,dissociation of functional groups,and directional movement of ions.The directional movement of ions in the power generation material layer is the main reason for the generation of direct currents,and the directional movement of ions can be achieved by the proper design of device materials and structures.In addition to the selection of different types of power generation materials,the structure design of the MEGs is equally critical to improve the output performance.Reactive electrodes and specialized structures,such as sandwiches,heterostructures,and fiber structures can also facilitate directional movement of ions.MEGs have advantages of small size,convenient preparation,and easy integration.MEGs can collect energy from daily human physiological activities(such as breathing,sweating,etc.)and convert it into electrical energy,showing great potential in portable flexible power supplies and self-powered sensors.In this paper,we summarize the basic principles,material and structure design methods,and typical applications of MEGs,and provide an outlook on the development trend of MEGs.
moist-electric generationsdirectional movement of ionsfunctional materialsdevice structureself-powered sensingenergy harvesting
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
