Opportunities,challenges,and development suggestions for deep underground energy storage in China
Deep underground energy storage(DUES)is defined as using deep underground spaces(such as depleted reservoirs,aquifers,salt caverns,and mining cavities)for the storage of oil,natural gas,hydrogen,compressed air,CO2,and helium.It is a significant strategic option for improving the efficiency of clean energy utilization,ensuring national energy security,and ensuring the security of the strategic material supply.The large-scale application of hydrogen energy,CO2 emission reduction,strategic oil reserves,and natural gas peak shaving have stimulated the rapid development of the DUES industry.DUES has made significant progress in China,especially in the use of depleted oil,gas reservoirs and salt caverns to build underground gas storage,which have reached international leading levels.In 1999,China built its first commercial gas storage using depleted condensate gas reservoirs in Dagang Oilfield.Till now,underground natural gas storage has been significantly developed,and a total of 24 gas storages have been built,forming a working gas capacity of 19 billion m3.Underground oil storage in salt caverns offer the following advantages:(1)Significant economic benefits,(2)high security,(3)small footprint and(4)oil quality assurance.The 3rd phase of the underground oil reserve project is in the planning stage,with a focus on deep underground oil storage,including salt cavern oil storage depots in Huai'an,Jiangsu,and Yunying,Hubei.Compressed air energy storage power stations using deep underground spaces are being developed rapidly.Compressed air energy storage for power generation has been achieved through a grid connection in Jintan,Jiangsu,and Feicheng,Shandong.Nineteen projects are under construction or are being planned in Yingcheng,Hubei,Huai'an,Jiangsu,etc.,with a total installed capacity of 5.38 GW.Compressed air energy storage is expected to form a new industry.The geological disposal and utilization of CO2 have been tested on an industrial scale.Critical technologies and industrialization experiments for geological storage of hydrogen,helium,and oil are being developed.It can be expected that these will all become reality.The challenges of the DUES in China mainly include(1)lack of basic research in theoretical and technical aspects such as multi-field,multi-phase,and multi-scale coupling,in-situ biological chemical and physical reactions,small molecule gas seepage,and evolution of physical and mechanical properties of energy storage geological bodies;(2)lack of top-level design planning for collaborative utilization of mining and energy storage;and(3)lack of professional and technical personnel for a field involving geotechnical engineering,engineering geology,geochemistry,oil and gas storage and transportation,energy engineering.To our best knowledge and based on a review of the literature,it is suggested to focus on(1)basic theory and key technology for DUES,targeting application scenarios such as oil storage,natural gas,hydrogen,helium,compressed air,and CO2 disposal;(2)laboratory and field experimental research to address the challenges faced by engineering implementation;(3)survey and location of energy storage resources by combining the differences in physical properties and functions of different reserve substances;and(4)the top-level design of the strategic layout of energy storage.Priority should be given to engineering practice in salt cavern strategic oil storage,compressed-air energy storage power stations using deep underground spaces,geological hydrogen storage,and CO2 geological disposal and utilization.Planning and management organization for the DUES should be set up.Professional and technical personnel training for the DUES should also be given priority.
deep underground energy storageunderground spaceunderground gas storagecompressed-air energy storagegeological hydrogen storage
杨春和、王同涛
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中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,武汉 430071
deep underground energy storage underground space underground gas storage compressed-air energy storage geological hydrogen storage
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