Scientific cognition and detection methods of modern human-earth system
The human-earth system(HES)is a complex adaptive system that embodies the interconnection and interaction between human activities and the geographical environment,characterized by a variety of features such as comprehensiveness,regionality,complexity,openness,and dynamics.Socio-economic development is facing increasingly serious regional problems such as land degradation,environmental pollution,and biodiversity loss.In essence,it is the result of the intensified impact of human activities on the earth system,resulting in the coupling disorder and functional imbalance of HES.Therefore,the spatial identification,type diagnosis,and intensity evaluation of HES are critical topics in modern HES science and comprehensive geography.These themes form the foundation for scientifically cognizing the evolution process and mechanisms of HES,as well as for supporting decision-making aimed at HES coordination and sustainable development.Based on the theory of human-earth relationship areal system and the geographic methodology of"main function-oriented zoning,dominant type classification,and principal purpose grading",this study constructed a top-down scientific cognition and method system for modern HES identification-diagnosis-evaluation.The study integrated multi-source spatial data of land use,population density,nighttime light index,and point of interest,adopted multiple quantitative methods of decision tree,spatial clustering,and human footprint intensity index,and conducted the geospatial identification,dominant type diagnosis,activity intensity evaluation of the HES in China from 2000 to 2020.The results indicated that:(1)The area proportion of China's HES has increased from 53.9％to 54.1％,stabilizing at around 54％.Spatially,it was characterized by a differentiation feature of high-values in the southeast and low-values in the northwest.The HES proportion in plain areas,cultivated land,and concentrated urban areas was significantly higher than that in mountainous and sparsely populated areas.The proportion of living functional zone in the HES increased from 3.61％ to 5.24％,and the proportions of production and ecological functional zones decreased from 35.19％ and 61.20％ to 34.66％ and 60.10％,respectively.(2)Rapid urbanization and rural revitalization have resulted in an increase in the area of urban HES and rural HES by 135.45％ and 9.59％,respectively.However,these increases were mostly from agricultural HES.The agricultural HES and ecological HES have been affected by the Grain for Green Project and cultivated land expansion,resulting in mutual transformation between the two types and the decrease of 1.06％ and 1.37％.(3)The human footprint intensity of China's HES has increased from 9.28 to 10.25,with an increase of 10％.This increase was characterized by the expansion of high-value areas and the reduction of low-value areas,indicating the growing and spatial clustering of human activities.The findings of this study have provided hierarchical answers to key questions such as where are the distributions,what are the types,and what are the grades for HES.The scientific cognition and detection methods of modern HES can deepen the scientific understanding of the coupling process,mechanism,and pattern of HES,and support decision-making for HES coordination and sustainable development.
modern human-earth system sciencehuman-earth relationship areal systemgeospatial identificationdominant type diagnosisactivity intensity evaluation
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
