首页|相对湿度和散发源位置对某典型城市环境生物气溶胶迁移规律特性的影响

相对湿度和散发源位置对某典型城市环境生物气溶胶迁移规律特性的影响

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近年来，城市生物安全问题受到国家和人民的高度关注，其中以生物气溶胶为载体的空气动力学迁移机制尚不完全清晰，因此无法实现该问题的精准防控。本研究重点关注了城市区域相对湿度(relative humidity，RH)和生物气溶胶释放位置(建筑上游空旷区和密集区)对下游相近位置(高密度区和低密度区)生物气溶胶迁移规律的影响。研究表明:随着RH增加，沿来流方向的行人高度水平方向和建筑所在区域竖直方向的流场逐渐减弱。RH和生物气溶胶释放位置对生物气溶胶的迁移和沉积有双重影响。(1)在两种不同释放位置下，随RH增加，生物气溶胶的横向迁移范围均增加，高密度区水平和竖直方向的生物气溶胶浓度均高于低密度区。(2)与密集区释放相比，在空旷区释放的生物气溶胶沿来流方向的横向迁移范围较小，迁移距离更长。(3)在两种不同释放位置下，随着RH增加，在空旷区释放工况下建筑表面的总沉积比略微增加;密集区释放工况下建筑表面总沉积比先降低后增加。本研究结果为防控和应对以生物气溶胶等为载体的城市生物安全问题提供了合理的流体力学理论支撑。
The influence of relative humidity and emission source location on the migration regularity of bioaerosols in a typical urban environment
In recent years,urban biosecurity concerns have garnered significant attention both nationally and among the general populace.The aerodynamic migration mechanism using bioaerosols as carriers is not yet fully understood,so precise prevention and control of this issue cannot be achieved.This study aims to investigate the influence of relative humidity(RH)and the release locations of bioaerosols(i.e.,open areas and dense areas upstream of buildings)within urban settings on bioaerosol migration regularity in downstream locations,including high-density and low-density areas.The research results show that RH has a significant impact on the urban flow field.With the increase of RH,the flow field in the horizontal direction of pedestrian height and the vertical direction of the area where the building is located gradually decreases,along the direction of the incoming flow.Both RH and the bioaerosol release location exert dual effects on bioaerosol migration and deposition.(1)Under two distinct release positions,elevated RH will lead to an expanded lateral migration range for bioaerosols.The bioaerosol concentrations in both horizontal and vertical directions are higher in high-density areas compared to low-density areas.Within high-density areas,the horizontal migration range is more extensive.On the windward side of buildings,bioaerosol concentration initially increases and then decreases,whereas vertical bioaerosol concentration first rises and then falls.The concentration of bioaerosol in the horizontal direction increased slightly in the low-density areas.With the increase of RH,the vertical bioaerosol concentration in the low-density region first increases and then decreases under the release condition in the open region,while the low-density region first decreases and then increases under the release condition in the dense region.(2)Compared with those released in dense areas,bioaerosols released in open areas have a smaller range and longer migration distance along the direction of incoming flow.The concentrations of bioaerosols in the horizontal and vertical directions of the high-density areas and the horizontal directions of the low-density areas are higher than those in the dense areas.The concentration of vertical bioaerosol in low-density areas is lower than that in dense areas.(3)Under two distinct release positions,the total deposition ratio of the building surface increases slightly with the increase of RH in open areas release conditions.The total deposition ratio of the building surface decreases first and then increases under the release condition of the dense area.The total deposition ratio of the building surface under the release condition of open areas is higher than that under the release condition of dense areas.The findings of this study provide reasonable theoretical support for the prevention and control of urban biosafety with bioaerosol as the carrier.

urban environmentbiological aerosolsrelative humidityrelease locationmigration law

董志坚、刘志坚、胡晨星、叶成林、陈立、迟海鹏、贺宇辰、戎瑞

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华北电力大学动力工程系,保定 071003

北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京 100081

北京戴纳实验科技有限公司,北京 100071

城市环境 生物气溶胶 相对湿度 释放位置 迁移规律

河北省杰出青年科学基金国家重点研发计划国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金河北省自然科学基金中央高校优秀青年团队项目中央高校基本科研业务费专项中央高校基本科研业务费专项

E20235020152021YFF06040004212205841977368E20215020462752023YQ0012021MS0752020YJ007

2024

10.1360/TB-2023-0745

科学通报
中国科学院国家自然科学基金委员会

科学通报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.269
ISSN：0023-074X
年,卷(期)：2024.69(7)
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