Research status and prospects on integrated carbon capture and conversion
Since the industrial revolution,rapid population growth and the burst of fossil energy consumption have led to massive CO2 emissions,CO2 reduction is recognized as an unavoidable task among the international community.In this context,CO2 capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has been considered as an unavoidable technology to achieve carbon neutrality.CCUS is an emerging and important technology that enables the large-scale low-carbon use of traditional fossil energy sources,and is the only technology pathway that can achieve the large-scale low-carbon use of fossil energy.Essentially,CCUS is a multi-technology approach with the ultimate goal of net CO2 reduction.In this process,CO2 is first enriched from industrial emission sources such as power plants,steel and iron(and even air)through CO2 capture technology to obtain highly concentrated CO2 followed by the isolation of CO2 from the atmosphere through chemical conversion,bio-utilization and geological sequestration.The carbon capture process is located upstream of CCUS and is the key technology to control the cost of CCUS.The vast majority of CO2 chemical conversion research and development work is still based on the traditional idea of CO2 capture followed by conversion of the high CO2 concentrations obtained,so the high cost of the CO2 capture process itself limits the economics of the CO2 conversion process and greatly limits the diffusion and rapid maturation of the technology.In order to further decrease the cost of CCUS,research efforts were devoted to the development of more efficient materials and processes.However,most of the previous practice was focused on single segment of the CCUS chain,while process integration within the CCUS framework has long been overlooked.Integrated carbon capture and conversion(ICCC)technology is a newly proposed process,where the CO2 molecules are directly converted in its captured form.ICCC technology is an integrated CCUS technology developed within the framework of CCUS itself.In this process,CO2 from an emission source is captured by an absorber or adsorbent and converted into downstream products by reacting directly with co-reactants without specifically obtaining high CO2 concentrations.In this integrated process,CO2 capture is not followed by energy and time consuming desorption processes,thus significantly reducing the overall energy consumption of the entire CCUS chain.In addition,the ICCC technology can combine emission sources and disposal points in space,reduce the need for CO2 transport in the CCUS process,achieve source-sink matching,and even recreate the process of low/zero carbonization by converting CO2 from emission sources in situ and in real time.This review presents the ICCC technology for the preparation of different products.The work carried out by researchers on the technical solutions,material construction and reaction mechanisms for the preparation of different products by ICCC is introduced,and the current problems faced by the integrated technology for the preparation of different products are analyzed.The development trend of the technology in the future is also discussed.In general,the ICCC technology has basically completed two stages of development:"Concept development"and"feasibility verification".Under the new carbon neutral scenario,the research work in the field of ICCC has shown two major trends:Deepening the basic scientific understanding and strengthening the research and development of real-life conditions.
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