Analysis of operational and common problems of high-level pathogenic microorganism laboratory facilities(Class 4.4.2)in China
To improve the construction and management standards of high-level pathogenic microorganism laboratories,ensure that the laboratory facility environment conforms to national standards and codes,serves the actual needs after completion,and operates safely and efficiently,the operating status of many completed and functional high-level pathogenic microorganism laboratory facilities(Class 4.4.2 in existing national standards of China,GB 19489-2008 Laboratories-General requirements for biosafety)was analyzed.This analysis included the overall construction of the laboratory,the environmental parameters of the main room,and the operation reliability of the laboratory air conditioning and automatic control system.The analysis results show that the protected areas of the investigated high-level pathogenic microorganism laboratories are usually designed with a layout of locker rooms(including shower rooms),protective clothing rooms,isolation corridors,buffer rooms,and main rooms.An independent air conditioning system supports two to four main rooms.Most of the cleanliness classifications are ISO 8,and a few others are ISO 7.The main room adopts the up-supply and up-exhaust or up-supply and down-exhaust air distribution.The pressure regulation modes of the main room mostly have constant supply and variable exhaust air volumes.Regarding the indoor environmental parameters,the analysis results show that all laboratories were in line with the relevant standards and codes.Additionally,the air exchange rate of the main rooms is mostly higher than the standard limit.Some main rooms have excessive outdoor atmospheric absolute pressure,so it was considered that the energy-saving potential can be further optimized,adjusted,and released.Regarding the reliability of the air conditioning and automatic control system,the laboratory fan interlock and working condition conversion,alarm,monitoring,communication,and power supply systems are functional.However,in some laboratories,a relative pressure reversal phenomenon of less than 1 min is observed between the main room and its buffer room during the switching and turning on/off the air supply/exhaust fan processes.The analysis also shows that some laboratories had problems,such as cracking of the enclosure structure and absolute pressure reversal in the outermost room of the laboratory containment area,due to the excessive negative pressure while switching the air supply/exhaust fan.The unreasonable design of the number and the location of the uninterrupted power supply sockets is a reason for the difficulty in maintaining the backup air supply and exhaust system forms.Additionally,design recommendations were proffered,considering the discussion on backup ventilation systems in high-level biosafety laboratories while drawing comparisons between the independent fan backup mode and the whole air conditioning unit backup mode.Finally,all the questions were analyzed,and suggestions for design and management improvement were proposed.
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