Multi-structure hollow nanofibers electrode materials for secondary batteries
With the diversified development of human energy consumption,traditional fossil energy such as coal,oil and natural gas can no longer satisfy people's needs for industry and high quality life.Furthermore,the use of these energy sources often leads to severe environmental pollution.The emergence of clean energy sources like wind energy,water energy and solar energy not only effectively alleviates the issues of energy scarcity and environmental pollution but also promises a cleaner,healthier,and more sustainable future for global society.However,the efficient storage and utilization of these clean energy sources have become particularly crucial.The development of the new clean energy has continuously stimulated researchers to explore advanced devices for the electrochemical energy storage.Secondary battery has many advantages in electrochemical energy storage technology,such as portability and flexibility,high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness,and is considered to be one of the most promising energy storage technologies at present.Therefore,the development of efficient new energy secondary batteries is the important way to achieve the goal of"carbon peak and carbon neutrality".As typical representatives of new-generation secondary batteries,lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries play significant roles in our daily lives.Especially with the improvement of human living standards,there are higher demands for battery capacity,rate performance,and long-term cycling stability.In recent years,it has been discovered that the reasonable design of the structure and composition for anode/cathode materials is the key to achieve high performance secondary batteries.Structural design can significantly enhance the effective capacity and long-term cycling stability of existing materials.The design of electrode material composition can achieve synergistic effects between multiple components,enabling efficient redox reactions.Multi-structure hollow nanofiber materials have the advantages of controllable structure and adjustable composition,and are widely used as electrode materials for secondary batteries.In terms of structure,the multi-structure hollow nanostructure effectively alleviates the volume change of the electrode material in the electrochemical reaction process,prevents the electrode material pulverization and aggregation,increases the effective contact area between the electrolyte and the electrode material,and shorters the ion/electron transport path.In terms of composition,it is easy to achieve reasonable coupling of materials with different characteristics,so as to achieve specific adsorption of different materials,improve the conductivity of electrode materials,and accelerate the kinetics of redox reaction.In this review,representative methods for preparing multi-structure hollow nanofibers are summarized,including single-needle electrospinning,-multi-fluid electrospinning and other synthesis methods(template method,hydrothermal method,and self-assembly method,etc.).Subsequently,we have summarized the application progresses of multi-structure hollow fibers with different structures and compositions in secondary batteries(including lithium-/sodium-/potassium-ion batteries,.lithium/sodium-sulfur batteries,lithium-metal/air batteries,supercapacitors,etc.).Finally,we present the challenges and the application potential on the future research of multi-structure hollow nanofiber materials in the field of electrochemical energy storage.
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