Recent progress on electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived chemicals over layered double hydroxides nanosheets
With the increasing of global energy demand and environmental problems caused by the use of non-renewable fossil energy,people continuously develop the sustainable clean resource.Biomass is a renewable carbon-containing resource on Earth,composed of cellulose(30％-50％),hemicelluloses(15％-25％)and lignin(15％-30％),which is hydrolyzed to achieve a series of alcohol and aldehyde platform chemicals.The harmless disposal and clean transformation of biomass-derived chemicals are essential means.The primary technology and method is converting biomass-derived chemicals into high value-added products.At present,the traditional thermochemical method is mainly used for biomass-derived chemicals conversion,which usually uses oxygen/hydrogen under high temperature,high pressure,and organic solvent.The precious metal-based catalysts are often used.Although the reaction obtains the high conversion and yield,the process is often accompanied by secondary pollution and high energy consumption.How to use clean methods to realize biomass-derived chemicals upgrade has become the main challenge in the field of biomass green conversion at the present stage.In terms of the key problems of serious process pollution,low conversion and selectivity,and unclear mechanisms,biomass-derived chemicals are used as raw materials and green methods are used to synthesize catalysts.Based on pollution control of the whole process,the electrocatalytic conversion technology with a clean process is used to study the efficient performance of biomass-derived chemicals conversion.Electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass energy derivatives is an efficient,green,and additive-free strategy.Compared with traditional thermal catalysis,the main advantages are as follows:(1)Dissociation and ionization in aqueous solution to produce oxygen sources,rather than using the high-cost O2 for biomass-based oxidation conversion;(2)the normal temperature and pressure reaction conditions;(3)optimizing the rate of reaction and the selectivity of products by controlling applied potential,changing current density and designing high-efficient catalysts;(4)multi-type electrochemical methods and in situ spectroscopy were used to monitor the reaction.However,conversion rate and selectivity cannot meet the current development needs.It is necessary to deeply understand the reaction mechanism and develop efficient and highly selective electrocatalysts to lay the foundation for large-scale applications.In this review,we first compared the common exfoliated methods for preparing layered double hydroxides nanosheets(N-LDHs),including soft chemical/liquid exfoliation,plasma-assisted exfoliation,mechanical exfoliation and other methods.Secondly,the latest progress for developing and utilizing N-LDHs in electrocatalytic energy conversion is introduced.The application prospect in the electrocatalytic oxidation reaction of furan,benzaldehyde,benzyl alcohol,glycerol and other platform chemicals is presented over N-LDHs nanosheets.In situ methods,mathematical computations,and sophisticated electrocatalyst studies are used to investigate the mechanism.Finally,this review looks forward to the challenges and prospects of related research.It provides theoretical guidance and reference significance for studying hydrotalcite nanosheets for electrocatalytic oxidation and promotes the application of biomass derivatives.
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