Covalent organic frameworks:An emerging class of resins with homopores
Adsorbent resins are a commonly used functional polymer material,widely employed in industrial production.These resins can adsorb and separate mixed ions and molecules,such as metals,radioactive ions,and drug molecules,among others.Traditional adsorbent resins still have drawbacks,such as uneven pore size,blocked pore channels,low specific surface area,and susceptibility to swelling.These disadvantages lead to performance and application limitations,such as low selectivity and an inability.to treat specific molecules/ions,low adsorption capacity and slow adsorption rates,difficulty in using them directly as a whole filler,and challenges in working in certain extreme environments,among others.In recent years,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have garnered significant attention due to their low density,uniform pore size,designable structure,and high surface area.They have beén recognized as a new generation of adsorbent resins with homopores,offering significant advantages in terms of stability,selectivity,capacity,and more.In this review,we first outline the history and classification of COF resins,which encompass COF resins with neutral,cationic,anionic,and zwitterionic skeletons.Subsequently,we delve into the current methods utilized for synthesizing COF resins,including direct synthesis techniques and post-modification methods.The direct synthesis methods encompass solvothermal synthesis,mechanochemical synthesis,microwave synthesis,irradiation synthesis,and melt-polymerization green synthesis.Post-synthesis methods encompass functionalizing monomers,protonation of nitrogens,and defect generation techniques.Next,we outline the application scopes of COF resins,such as heavy metal removal,removal of radioactive compounds,medical active compound purification,VOCs removal,and light hydrocarbon separation.For instance,COF resins exhibit high adsorption capacity,rapid equilibrium,and excellent cycle performance for water pollutant removal(heavy metals,radioactive anions),making them a dependable material platform for treating water pollution.Thanks to their uniform pore size and designable structure,COF resins offer a new solution for removing VOCs and separating light hydrocarbon gases,surpassing traditional adsorbent materials.By precisely controlling the structures and pore size of COFs,efficient adsorption of specific drug molecules can be achieved,thereby enhancing the efficacy of the drug and reducing side effects.In summary,COF resins have demonstrated significant potential in various.research fields.Their distinctive structures and properties offer broad application possibilities in water treatment,atmospheric pollution control,biomedicine,and numerous other fields.As synthetic and post-synthetic methods continue to develop and refine,along with the ongoing expansion of application domains,COF resins will assume an increasingly essential role in our daily lives and industries in the years to come.
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