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盘点气候风险机遇,展望健康繁荣未来

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Taking stock of climate action for a healthy and thriving future
Human health is inextricably linked to climate change,as the increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events,such as heatwaves,floods,and hurricanes pose direct and indirect threats to human life and well-being.The first round of the Global Stocktake(GST)in 2023 will provide a systematic inventory of actions to address climate change,and guidance for identifying and implementing interventions that prioritize health considerations.The 2023 China Report of the Lancet Countdown,led by Tsinghua University with contributions from 76 experts from 26 leading global institutions,continues to track progress on health and climate change in China through 28 indicators across five domains.These domains encompass a wide spectrum,from the climate change impacts,exposures,and vulnerability(Section 1),to different elements of actions including adaption(Section 2),mitigation and their health implications(Section 3),economics and finance(Section 4),and public and political engagement(Section 5).We selected the most urgent and relevant indicators to compilea policy brief that provides a comprehensive understanding of recent progress on climate change and health in China.This report is the fourth China Lancet Countdown report,pays particular attention to the impacts on the health risks arising from human-induced climate change(Panel 2),and production-and consumption-based CO2 and PM2.5 emissions(indicator 4.2.4),indicating the urgency for mitigation by identifying human contribution to carbon emissions and climate change.In addition,we found that the record-breaking heat and drought of 2022 were associated with increased adverse health outcomes.Wildfire exposure increased by 54％compared to the historical baseline,while heatwave-related mortality increased by 342％,heat-related work loss increased by 24％,safe outdoor physical activity loss increased by 67％and the resulting hours available for safe outdoor activities decreased by 9.6％.Human-caused climate change was responsible for 49.4％of heatwave-related mortality,30.9％of heat-related labour productivity loss,98.8％of population affected by drought,and 7.6％of population affected by flood in the previous 20 years.The national health emergency response score rose from 73 in 2020 to 73.5 in 2021,and health risk early warnings expanded to cover eight provinces and 27 cities,shielding 183.3 million people.Based on the findings,the following recommendations are put forth to safeguard against the climate change-related health risks:(1)Increase investment,research and development of renewable energy to avoid lock-in effects of coal power.Investing in renewable energy infrastructures can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote energy diversity and resilience.(2)Harness the synergies in actions to reduce carbon and air pollutants.By capitalizing on the interconnections between carbon reduction and improved air quality,China can protect human health,enhance environmental well-being,and build resilient communities for generations to come.(3)Establish meteorology-informed early warning systems for health,and develop a population-health-oriented meteorological early warning system that accounts for climate health hazards.(4)Encourage research focused on the compound and cascading effects of extreme weather events,and on efficient response strategies.By promoting relevant research,China can deepen its understanding of the compound and cascading effects of extreme weather events,and develop effective strategies to mitigate their effects,safeguard lives,and foster societal resilience.(5)Develop health adaptation guidelines tailored to the specific needs and roles of different actors.These guidelines should offer targeted recommendations and strategies for a range of stakeholders,including local governments,healthcare systems,communities,and individuals.

climate changepublic healthstockextreme weather

张诗卉、张弛、蔡闻佳、白玉琪、Max Callaghan、常楠、陈彬、陈慧琪、程亮亮、戴瀚程、代鑫、范维澄、房小怡、高仝、耿阳、关大博、胡艺馨、华峻翊、黄存瑞、黄弘、黄建斌、黄小猛、纪思翰、蒋俏蕾、姜晓朋、Gregor Kiesewetter、李湉湉、梁璐、林波荣、林华亮、刘欢、刘起勇、刘小波、刘钊、刘竹、刘昱甫、陆波、鲁晨曦、罗震宇、马伟、米志付、任超、Marina Romanello、沈鉴翔、苏婧、孙语泽、孙昕璐、汤绪、Maria Walawender、王灿、王情、汪蕊、Laura Warnecke、魏汪宇、文三妹、谢杨、熊辉、徐冰、颜钰、杨秀、姚芳虹、俞乐、袁嘉灿、曾仪娉、张镜、张璐、张锐、张尚辰、张少辉、赵梦真、郑大山、周浩、周景博、周子乔、罗勇、宫鹏

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清华大学地球系统科学系,北京 100084

北京理工大学管理学院,北京 100081

Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change,Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change,Berlin 10829,Germany

南京医科大学公共卫生学院,南京 211166

北京师范大学环境学院,北京 100875

中山大学公共卫生学院,广州 510080

北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京 100871

清华大学公共安全研究所,北京 100084

清华大学工程物理系,北京 100084

中国气象科学研究院气象影响与风险研究中心,北京 100086

山东师范大学商学院,济南 250013

清华大学建筑学院,北京 100084

南方科技大学统计与数据科学系,深圳 518055

中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院,青岛 266003

清华大学万科公共卫生学院,北京 100084

清华大学新闻与传播学院,北京 100084

世界卫生组织驻华代表处,北京 100600

Pollution Management Research Group,Energy,Climate,and Environment Program,International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA),Laxenburg 1-A-2361,Austria

中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,环境健康风险评估室,北京 102206

Department of Landscape Architecture & Environmental Planning,University of California,Berkeley CA 94607,USA

清华大学环境学院,北京 100084

中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京 102206

北京经济管理职业学院临空经济管理学院,北京 100102

中国气象局国家气候中心,北京 100081

Geography,College of Life and Environmental Sciences,University of Exeter,Exeter EX1 2LU,UK

山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院流行病学系,济南 250002

The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction,University College London,London WC1H 0AL,UK

香港大学建筑学院,香港 999077

Institute for Global Health,University College London,London WC1H 0AL,UK

清华大学人文学院,北京 100084

复旦大学大气与海洋系/大气科学研究院,上海 200438

复旦大学极端天气/气候事件与人体健康风险互联和治理国际卓越中心,上海 200438

北京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,北京 100083

香港科技大学计算机科学与工程系,广州 511453

清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院,北京 100084

北京大学体育教研部,北京 100871

清华大学苏世民学院,北京 100084

清华大学城市治理与可持续发展研究院,北京 100084

百度研究院,北京 100091

香港大学地球科学系和地理系,香港 999077

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climate change public health stock extreme weather

英国惠康基金会英国惠康基金会国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金中国气象局气候变化专项能源基金会唐仲英基金会

Wellcome Trust209734/Z/17/Z720915147214000272104029

2024

10.1360/TB-2024-0439

科学通报
中国科学院国家自然科学基金委员会

科学通报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.269
ISSN：0023-074X
年,卷(期)：2024.69(27)