烟后制种指烟叶收获后的农田进行杂交水稻制种或不育系繁殖,是南方制种区域产业结构调整的耕作制度新模式.本试验在烟后制种期,研究分析水稻细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)微效恢复基因与播期互作对不育性稳定性的影响,为不育系繁殖提纯、遗传选育和烟后制种提供理论参考与实际应用依据.选择5个不同微效恢复基因数量的不育系珍汕97A、龙特浦A、野香A、京福1A、301A,设置4个播期和2个试点,在播期、地点及其互作下,以嵌合颖花率和黑染花粉率为花粉育性指标进行解析比较,应用主效可加互作可乘模型(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model,AMMI模型)分析,探究不育系花粉育性的动态趋势.CMS的育性回复除受主效基因控制外,微效基因也产生累加作用.龙特浦A属于微效恢复基因数量较多类型,对播期和试点变化反应较为敏感;野香A、京福1A、301A归类为微效恢复基因数量中间类型,对播期等因素有一定程度的反应;珍汕97A为微效恢复基因数量较少类型,对播期等因素反应敏感度低.对播期敏感度效应从大到小依次为龙特浦A、301A、京福1A、野香A、珍汕97A.根据CMS不育性的敏感性效应,在生产上进行烟后制种和繁殖时,播期适当提前对于种子纯化效果较好,在不育系遗传选育和原种提纯时,选择微效恢复基因高效表达的时期进行,有利于及早剔除不合格单株,加快获得不育性稳定的群体.
Analysis of interaction between minor-effect restoring gene and sowing date reveals the fertility sensitivity to CMS lines in indica rice
In 1960,Longping Yuan serendipitously discovered a natural hybrid rice variety with distinct advantages over others in an experimental field.After extensive research and exploration,he suggested the'three-line method'breeding approach to harness rice heterosis by incorporating male-sterile,maintainer,and restorer lines.He also emphasized that using rice male sterility was the most effective way to solve the problem of large-scale seed production through the exploitation of rice heterosis in 1966.The yield per unit area of hybrid rice increased by approximately 20％compared to conventional dwarf varieties,marking a significant breakthrough in rice production.Post-tobacco seed production refers to the hybrid rice seed production in farmland after the tobacco harvest.This represents a new farming system model aimed at adjusting the industrial structure of the southern seed production region.Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)lines are the cornerstone of the three-line hybrid rice system.Moreover,the varying degrees of sterility in CMS lines directly impact the seed purity of hybrid rice.This experiment was carried out during the post-tobacco seed production period to explore the genetic basis of dark pollen using I2-IK dyeing and florets with fertile anthers,which were caused by the interaction between restoring genes with a minor-effect restoring genes and other factors.The study was conducted using four sowing dates and two experimental locations to observe changes in male fertility among five CMS lines(Zhenshan 97A,Longtepu A,Yiexiang A,Jinfu 1A,and 301 A),which contain different numbers of restoring genes.The rates of dark pollen dyed by I2-IK and florets with fertile anthers were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model(AMMI).The results indicate that the recovery of CMS fertility is not only impacted by major genes but also by the cumulative effects of minor genes.Longtepu A should be categorized as a type with a relatively large number of minor effect-restoring genes,making it more sensitive to changes in sowing dates and experimental locations.Yexiang A,Jingfu 1A,and 301A were categorized as intermediate types of minor-effect restoring genes,demonstrating some degree of response to factors such as sowing dates.Zhenshan 97A was identified as a type with a relatively small number of minor-effect restoring genes and low sensitivity to sowing time.The sensitivity of CMS lines to sowing dates,ranked from highest to lowest,is as follows:Longtepu A,301 A,Jingfu 1 A,Yexiang A,and Zhenshan 97A.In order to ensure seed purity during post-tobacco seed production and reproduction,it is recommended to advance the sowing date appropriately based on the impact of sowing dates on the sterility of CMS lines.Furthermore,genetic breeding and purification of CMS lines should be conducted at sowing dates when the minor-effect restoring gene is highly expressed.This approach will facilitate the early elimination of unqualified individual plants or lines and accelerate the development of a stable population with infertility.
ricecytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)pollen fertilityminor-effect restoring gene
万方数据
维普
