首页|"揭榜挂帅"如何赋能我国科技自立自强?——兼论基础研究的"杠杆作用"

"揭榜挂帅"如何赋能我国科技自立自强?——兼论基础研究的"杠杆作用"

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实现高水平科技自立自强,是中国式现代化建设的关键,如何在制度层面赋能科技自立自强是当前亟待解决的重要议题.为此,以"揭榜挂帅"这一科技创新制度改革为切入点,首先从榜单制定、申请揭榜和成果验收三个环节阐释"揭榜挂帅"如何全周期地赋能科技自立自强,进而利用2006-2020年我国15万余份政策文件进行实证检验.研究发现:(1)实行"揭榜挂帅"能够有效提升我国自主创新能力和全要素生产率水平,从而赋能我国科技自立自强;(2)从作用渠道来看,"揭榜挂帅"在三个环节分别通过引导高端要素集聚、提升科研产出效率和培育"专精特新"企业发展,进而释放出制度红利;(3)在"揭榜挂帅"赋能我国科技自立自强的过程中,仍需依赖较强的基础研究能力来发挥"杠杆作用".
How Does"Open Competition Mechanism to Select the Best Candidates"Enable China's Self-Reliance and Self-Improvement in Science and Technology?Analysis on the"Lever Effect"of Basic Research
In recent years,the global economic landscape has faced deep adjustments,and the restructuring of global industrial chains,supply chains,and innovation chains has accelerated.China is facing a more severe and complex development situation in the global scientific and technological competition landscape.Promoting self-reliance and self-im-provement in science and technology is a key measure for China to cope with complex internal and external environmen-tal changes in the long term,and is a strategic support for national development.The"unveiling the list and taking the lead"is a technological innovation system reform guided by major needs and measured by the effectiveness of solving ma-jor problems.The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has made the im-plementation of"unveiling the list and taking the lead"an important part of improving the mechanism of scientific and technological innovation system.However,whether this technological innovation system can satisfy with the institutional environment requirements of promoting high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology in China still needs scientific investigation.This study takes the reform of the technological innovation system of the"unveiling the list and taking the lead"sys-tem as the starting point,and explains the theoretical mechanism of the"unveiling the list and taking the lead"system em-powering the self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology from three aspects:ranking formulation,appli-cation for unveiling,and achievement acceptance.Furthermore,using more than 150000 policy documents and a database of"specialized,refined,and innovative"enterprises in China from 2006 to 2020,the institutional variables of"unveiling the list and taking the lead"were measured using text analysis method,and the impact of"unveiling the list and taking the lead"on self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology was empirically tested.Furthermore,this study examines the mechanisms of action from three aspects:gathering high-end factors,improving research and innovation effi-ciency,and stimulating the potential of technological innovation.Finally,this study uses the grouping law of return method to investigate the role of basic research in the process of promoting China's self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology under the"unveiling the list and taking the lead"system.The research finds that:firstly,the implementation of the"unveiling the list and taking the lead"system can effective-ly improve China's independent innovation capability and total factor productivity level,and then enable China's self-re-liance and self-improvement in science and technology.Secondly,from the perspective of functional channels,the"unveiling the list and taking the lead"system releases institutional dividends in three stages by guiding the agglomeration of high-end factors,improving the efficiency of scientific research output,and cultivating the development of"specialized,refined,and innovative"enterprises.Thirdly,in the process of empowering China's self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology through the"unveiling the list and taking the lead"system,it is still necessary to rely on strong ba-sic research capabilities to play a"leverage role".The policy implications of the research lie in three aspects.Firstly,accelerate the improvement of the"unveiling the list and taking the lead"mechanism process,and fully unleash policy dividends.It is important to innovate a diversified system and mechanism for social forces to participate in the process of ranking designation,release,and evaluation.It is important to coordinate the layout of various levels of rankings,clarify innovation goals,and improve the quality of"ques-tion setting".In addition,it should take the"unveiling the list and taking the lead"system as the starting point,and explore pilot tasks for scientific and technological innovation in a wider range of fields around optimizing the investment mechanism and diversified combination methods of research and development elements.Secondly,focus on the channels for empowering China's self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology through"unveiling the list and taking the lead",and address institutional obstacles in a targeted manner.It is essential to attract the gathering of high-end scientific and technological innovation elements.It should also guide innovative entities to complement each other's strengths and collaborate in tackling key issues in the process of improving scientific research efficiency.Especially,it is necessary to provide long-term and stable support to the debutants,so that they can fully devote themselves to technologi-cal breakthroughs.Thirdly,in order to promote the development of specialized,refined,and new enterprises,it is impor-tant to accelerate the formation of a diversified financial support system and mechanism for"specialized,refined,and new"small and medium-sized enterprise services,and expand financing channels for"specialized,refined,and new"enter-prises.It is essential to further deepen the reform of"streamlining management and serving",strive to eliminate hidden barriers set by market access,bidding,and other fields for"specialized,refined,and new"small and medium-sized enter-prises,and create a fair competitive market and business environment.It is necessary to further optimize the overall disci-pline layout in China,increase support for basic disciplines such as mathematics,physics and chemistry.Support the de-velopment of a market-oriented basic research system that combines with the production needs of enterprises.

self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technologyopen competition mechanism to select the best candidatesbasic researchtotal factor productivitytext analysis

卓乘风、陈劲

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嘉兴大学 经济学院,浙江 嘉兴 314001

嘉兴大学 中国共同富裕研究院,浙江 嘉兴 314001

清华大学 经济管理学院,北京 100084

清华大学 技术创新研究中心,北京 100084

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科技自立自强 揭榜挂帅 基础研究 全要素生产率 文本分析

国家重点研发计划项目国家自然科学基金重点项目浙江省社科基金重点项目浙江省软科学项目广东省社科基金青年项目

2022YFF09032017223200424NDQN04Z2024C35020GD21YYJ17

2024

科学学与科学技术管理
中国科学学与科技政策研究会 天津市科学学研究所

科学学与科学技术管理

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.68
ISSN:1002-0241
年,卷(期):2024.45(8)
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