韧性作为企业应对多变、不确定、复杂、模糊情境的关键能力逐渐受到学者关注.然而随着理论不断发展,现有研究对其发展脉络系统梳理不清晰、知识架构整合研究较模糊等问题日益突显,对基于企业整体发展的过程性视角梳理各个阶段韧性的层级生成逻辑更鲜有涉及.因此从层级视角出发,对Web of Science核心合集中企业韧性理论相关文献进行以下三个方面的整合归纳:首先,通过对企业韧性"静态观"到"动态观"的内涵梳理,发现其概念发展呈现出"被动响应—主动适应—灵活应变"的演进特征;其次,以企业韧性各阶段"环境—资源"互动构建"个体韧性—团队韧性—系统韧性"的层级形成机制为主线,并以企业韧性的层级前因和作用效果为支线形成"影响因素—形成机制—价值效果"的分析框架;同时补充对企业韧性理论应用与拓展的探讨,进一步构建更为完善的企业韧性理论框架;最后,从拓展理论边界、挖掘层级逻辑、探究作用机制和本土情境化研究四个方面提出了未来研究展望.
From"Individual Resilience"to"System Resilience":Kierarchy Generation Logic,Knowledge Framework and Future Prospect of Enterprise Resilience
A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is driving the world to experience unprecedented changes in a century.The external environment faced by various enterprises is increasingly characterized by volatility,uncertainty,complexity and ambiguity.As a key ability for enterprises to cope with the VUCA situation,resilience has gradually attracted the attention of scholars.However,at present,there is a lack of summary research on the generation process of enterprise resilience in the time and space dimensions.The existing research still has problems such as relatively vague knowledge base,unclear knowledge structure,and failure to sort out the formation mechanism and influencing factors of resilience according to the enterprise-level logic system.As a result,follow-up research cannot accurately rely on the summary and refinement of core issues to explore the enterprise crisis management paradigm,and it is impossible to clarify how all levels of enterprises effectively allocate resources to promote the forma-tion of enterprise resilience.Therefore,systematically combing the hierarchical logic of enterprise resilience based on the process perspective of the overall development of enterprises can further clarify the evolution context,theoretical frame-work and academic frontier of enterprise resilience knowledge to promote the sustainable development of related research,and then promote the sustainable development of enterprises in a highly uncertain environment.This paper combines the two methods of bibliometrics and literature induction.Taking 229 articles related to enter-prise resilience in the Web of Science database as the research object,the scientific knowledge map visualization tool CiteSpace software is used to conduct a preliminary quantitative analysis of the research data source,and the software is used to further draw high-frequency keyword statistics,evolution time zone maps and topic clustering maps.The research findings of this paper are as follows:(1)By combing the connotation of static view'to'dynamic view'of enterprise resilience,it is found that the development of its concept presents the evolution characteristics of'passive response-active adaptation-flexible response';this paper believes that the connotation of enterprise resilience can be sum-marized into the following three points:First,enterprises will be aware of the potential risks in the environment and will respond quickly when dealing with adverse events.Second,the recovery of enterprises in the crisis is inseparable from their resource endowment ability and interaction with other stakeholders.Thirdly,enterprises will form a learning mecha-nism and achieve supernormal growth in crisis events to better cope with uncertain risks in the future.(2)The hierarchical formation mechanism of"individual resilience-team resilience-system resilience"is constructed based on the interaction of"environment-resources"in each stage of enterprise resilience,and the influencing factors of en-terprise resilience at the individual level,organizational level and social level and the effect of long-term and short-term enterprise resilience are used as the analytical framework of'influencing factors-formation mechanism-value effect"for the formation of the branch line.At the same time,it supplements the discussion on the application and expansion of enter-prise resilience theory from four aspects:enterprise strategic ability improvement,new venture development,enterprise digital ability and enterprise supply chain management,and further constructs a more perfect theoretical framework of en-terprise resilience.(3)Combined with the background of the times and the knowledge framework,four research prospects are put for-ward:further expand the theory and application boundary of enterprise resilience,and better meet the urgent needs of the-oretical research and management practice;carry out in-depth relevant case studies to further explore the generation mech-anism and logical connection of all levels of enterprise resilience;to clarify the mechanism of enterprise resilience on orga-nizational growth in an uncertain environment;explore the application research of local enterprise resilience in the Chi-nese context.
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