The Impact of Tax Preferential Policies on the Performance of Maker Spaces:Empirical Study on Large Sample Data Based on Difference-in-Differences Method
Innovation and entrepreneurship have been recognized by scholars as a crucial role in enhancing competitive advantage in a constantly changing environment.As a new type of innovation and entrepreneurship platform generated under the innovation driven development strategy,maker spaces have shown significant effects in cultivating technolo-gy-based small and medium-sized enterprises and creating a good social innovation atmosphere.However,there has always been controversy over how the government can effectively support the development of maker spaces.The Chinese govern-ment implemented tax preferential policies for maker spaces for the first time in 2019,with a pilot period from 2019 to 2021.The policies involved property tax,urban land use tax,and value-added tax.In 2019 and 2020,the tax exemption amounts for maker spaces nationwide reached 223 million yuan and 221 million yuan,respectively.Local governments also attach great importance to these policies and incorporate them into a new round of tax reduction and fee reduction policies,increasing efforts to promote policy implementation.This policy has changed the main tone of supporting the development of maker spaces,which used to prioritize finance over taxation.So,what is the effect of the country's tax incentives for creating spaces?What mechanism does this tax preferential policy for the implementation of new innovation and entrepre-neurship platforms affect their impact?What are the focus points for adjusting and optimizing tax policies in the next stage?The article regards the implementation of tax preferential policies as a"quasi natural experiment".Firstly,it theoretical-ly explores the impact mechanism of this policy on service performance and innovation performance.Then,based on the 2015-2020 national maker space statistical data,a double difference model is used to evaluate the policy effect,and a series of robustness tests and heterogeneity analyses are conducted.The data source of the article is the national maker space statistics from the Torch Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology from 2015 to 2020.This statistical data is the basic data source for compiling the China Torch Statistical Year-book.Since 2016,continuous tracking and monitoring of the operation of national co creation spaces has been carried out.The data reporting process has been verified by local science and technology authorities and industry associations,and the re-liability,completeness,and representativeness of the data are high.After the implementation of tax preferential policies for maker spaces,this statistical data will be used to monitor the property tax,urban land use tax,and value-added tax enjoyed by maker spaces.2019-2021 is the complete implementation cycle of tax policies.Considering the impact of the epidemic,this article selects the statistical data of maker spaces from 2015-2020 as the research object,and preliminarily obtains non-equilibrium panel data of 35640 effective observations.The article concludes that tax incentives for maker spaces can significantly improve their service and innovation perfor-mance.Mechanism testing shows that tax incentives reduce the utilization cost of maker spaces and improve entrepreneurial services through the"factor input substitution effect",thereby promoting innovation in incubated enterprises through the"en-terprise innovation output effect".Heterogeneity studies have shown that tax incentives significantly enhance the innovation performance of non high-tech zone maker spaces,but have no significant impact on the innovation performance of maker spaces within high-tech zones;The tax preferential policies have significantly improved the service performance of maker spaces in the central and western regions,but have no significant impact on the service performance of maker spaces in the eastern regions.The article mainly explores two aspects in theory:firstly,based on empirical evaluation of the effects of tax incentives on maker spaces,it clarifies the internal mechanism of the impact of tax incentives on the innovation performance of incu-bating enterprises in maker spaces,namely the existence of two mechanisms and pathways of"resource effects"and"spill-over effects"of maker spaces.Secondly,starting from the theory of economic externalities,a theoretical exploration is con-ducted on the rationality of implementing tax incentives for maker spaces,that is,maker spaces have positive externalities,and implementing tax incentives can help achieve economic Pareto optimality.
innovation and entrepreneurshiptax incentivesmaker spacepolicy evaluation
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