首页|基于合作与竞争视角下的开源软件创新合作本质和理论演进研究

基于合作与竞争视角下的开源软件创新合作本质和理论演进研究

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以文献计量学为基础,对管理学领域1999年-2022年共138篇文献采取定量和定性相结合的研究方法,深入探究了开源软件研究现状、概念本质、理论突破和主流研究视角下的理论演进.结果发现,开源软件以创新合作为本质,建立在组织视角和创新视角的基础之上,其中组织视角以资源观、交易成本理论、制度主义为根据;创新视角以分布式创新、开放式创新、互补式创新为基础.合作与竞争视角是围绕开源软件涌现的新的主流视角,基于合作视角,已有研究对开发人员和公司的合作动机、合作治理模式、影响合作的要素进行了理论发展;基于竞争视角,已有研究围绕开发人员的竞争行为选择、开源软件与闭源软件之间的竞争模式、影响竞争的要素机制进行理论推进.基于此,提出合作与竞争视角基础上的互补性机制、开源对国产工业软件创新追赶作用、开源科技政策、开源社区运营管理四个可能的未来研究方向.
The Essence of Innovative Collaboration and Theoretical Evolution of Open Source Software from Cooperation and Competition Perspectives
Open source is the mainstream development and innovation mode of development from the perspective of digital ecology,and it is also an important support for building a digital China.Although some scholars have carried out relevant researches,there are few reviews on open source software itself,especially on its conceptual nature and theoretical evolution.Based on this,this paper will focus on the core issue of"the conceptual nature and theoretical evolution of open source software"and break it down into the following sub-research questions:(1)What is the current research status of existing literature?(2)What is the evolution of the conceptual nature and theoretical foundation of open source software?(3)What are the mainstream research theories and their evolution?This paper adopts the bibliometric research method.In terms of data collection,papers from the Web of Science data-base from January 1,1999 to December 31,2022 were selected,and 138 analysis samples were finally confirmed after title,top journal,conference,research field search and manual review.In terms of data analysis,CiteSpace software is used to car-ry out qualitative and quantitative data analysis.The research finds that,as for the first sub-research question:the management community's attention to open source software fluctuates somewhat,but generally maintains a certain research heat.The United States holds the absolute right to speak in research,while China lags far behind,with universities such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology,University of Georgia,and Carnegie Mellon University maintaining their leading positions.In terms of journal Research,authoritative management journals such as Research Policy and Management Science pay more attention to open source trends,while von Krogh Georg and von Hippel E.The research pioneer has made outstanding contributions and led the research frontier.As for the second sub-research question,it can be found that the essence of open source software lies in innovation coopera-tion,which is based on the theoretical foundation of organizational perspective and innovation perspective.Among them,the organizational perspective is based on resource view,transaction cost theory and institutionalism,and the innovation per-spective has experienced distributed innovation,open innovation and complementary innovation.As for the third sub-re-search question,cooperation and competition are the two main research perspectives.From the perspective of cooperation,existing researches have analyzed the economic motivation,social motivation and technological motivation of cooperation between developers and enterprises from qualitative and quantitative perspectives.With the expansion of cooperation scope,it has experienced the stages of spontaneous governance,internal governance and external governance,especially the exter-nal governance at this stage,and the participation of foundations,companies and corporate derivative communities has made governance more complicated.In the analysis of factors affecting governance,it is found that the formal degree of gover-nance,governance resources,and developer decision-making process will affect the cooperation effect of open source soft-ware.From a competitive perspective,the study found that developers make behavioral decisions based on cost-benefit anal-ysis in competitive situations.With the expansion of the scale of open source software industry,many scholars also pay at-tention to the competition mode between open source software and closed source software,such as market entry competi-tion,business model competition,and technological innovation competition.From the analysis of factors affecting the com-petition,IT can be found that the user's IT skills,network effect,lock-in effect,software industry's own development,license strategy and so on will affect the competition between open source software and closed source software.This paper conducts an in-depth study on the nature and theoretical evolution of open source software innovation co-operation from the perspective of cooperation and competition,and finds the following policy implications:First,strengthen the importance of open source software cooperation governance.Second,promote the creation of benchmark cases of open source cooperative governance.Furthermore,it focuses on the cooperation model between the open source software commu-nity and the foundation.Finally,the competition model between open source software and closed source software is dis-cussed,and the possible policy formulation and effectiveness are explored.At the same time,there are several research direc-tions for reference in the future:First,on the basis of cooperation and competition perspective,continue to extend to the complementary cooperation mechanism.Second,research on the mechanism of open source cooperation for domestic indus-trial software innovation catch-up.Third,research on open source software public science and technology policy in the con-text of China facing the"bottleneck"of key technologies.Fourth,research on operation management based on open source software cooperation and competition.

open source softwarebibliometric analysistheoretical evolution

陈晓红、周源

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北京科技大学文法学院,北京 100083

清华大学公共管理学院,北京 100084

开源软件 文献计量分析 理论演进

2024

科学学与科学技术管理
中国科学学与科技政策研究会 天津市科学学研究所

科学学与科学技术管理

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.68
ISSN:1002-0241
年,卷(期):2024.45(12)